Macronutrient intake and glycemic control in a population-based sample of American Indians with diabetes: the Strong Heart Study

Xu, Jiaqiong; Eilat-Adar, Sigal; Loria, Catherine M.; Howard, Barbara V.; Fabsitz, Richard R.; Begum, Momotaz; Zephier, Ellie; Lee, Elisa T.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.2.480

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Low fat and/or high carbohydrate intake are associated with good glycemic control in middle‐aged and elderly diabetic patients18. In the present study, carbohydrate and fat intakes were not significantly associated with metabolic control.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Appropriate physical activity and dietary intake achieve optimal metabolic control in older type 2 diabetes patients

Huang

Cheng

Tsai

et al. 2013

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to investigate an appropriate level of physical activity and optimal dietary intake in older type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsThe cross‐sectional study enrolled 210 older type 2 diabetes patients. Participants were interviewed to obtain information on physical activity, 24‐h dietary recall and typical weekly dietary patterns. Anthropometric measurements, and biochemical analysis of blood and urine were determined.ResultsModerate physical activity (either moderate leisure‐time physical activity or moderate physical activity level) and diet with protein intake of ≥0.8 g/kg/day were associated with lower glycated hemoglobin and triglyceride, higher high‐density lipoprotein, lower waist circumference, body mass index and body fat, as well as better serum magnesium and albumin levels in older diabetic patients. In contrast, inadequate protein intake was correlated with higher glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, body fat percentage, waist circumference and body mass index. In addition, high physical activity with inadequate protein and magnesium intake might exacerbate magnesium deficiency, resulting in poor glycemic control in older diabetic patients. Furthermore, low physical activity and inadequate protein intake were linked with poor glycemic control, and lower high‐density lipoprotein, and higher triglyceride, body fat percentage, waist circumference and body mass index.ConclusionsModerate physical activity and adequate dietary protein intake (≥0.8 g/kg/day) might be the optimal recommendation for better metabolic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Appropriate physical activity and dietary intake achieve optimal metabolic control in older type 2 diabetes patients

Huang

Cheng

Tsai

et al. 2013

J of Diabetes Invest

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“…14 Asupan lemak berlebih dapat meningkatkan kadar gula dalam darah. 17 Selain itu, asupan lemak berlebih dapat memicu kenaikan jumlah lemak dalam tubuh dan kegemukan. Satu gram lemak menghasilkan energi yang lebih besar dari pada karbohidrat dan protein yaitu 9 kkal, sedangkan karbohidrat dan protein hanya 4 kkal.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

“…Hal yang sama juga ditemukan pada penelitian Xu dkk. 17 yang menunjukkan asupan karbohidrat berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah. Sebaliknya, pada penelitian Meyer dkk.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Asupan Karbohidrat sebagai Faktor Dominan yang Berhubungan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa

Werdani

Triyanti

2014

Kesmas: National Public Health Journal

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AbstrakPeningkatan kadar gula darah memicu peningkatan produksi hormon insulin yang erat hubungannya dengan diabetes melitus. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas, prevalensi diabetes melitus di Indonesia meningkat dari 1,1% (2007) menjadi 2,1% (2013). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah puasa pegawai pemberdayaan masyarakat & keluarga dan pegawai sekretariat daerah Kota Depok. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dan melibatkan 105 sampel. Variabel independen penelitian meliputi karakteristik individu, asupan zat gizi, hipertensi, aktivitas fisik, status gizi dan pengetahuan gizi. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi dan uji beda dua mean, serta analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi linear ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kadar gula darah puasa adalah 95,14±10,863 pada keseluruhan responden, sedangkan 94,07±11,55 mg/dl pada perempuan, dan 96,47±9,92 mg/dl pada laki-laki. Diabetes melitus (≥126 mg/dl) ditemukan sebesar 2,9% dan impaired fasting glucose (100-125 mg/dl) sebesar 22,9%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat, terdapat hubungan antara usia, asupan karbohidrat, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kadar gula darah puasa (p<0,05). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa asupan karbohidrat merupakan faktor dominan yang berhubungan kadar gula darah puasa.Kata kunci: Aktivitas fisik, asupan karbohidrat, kadar gula darah puasa, pegawai pemberdayaan masyarakat dan keluarga Abstract Increased blood glucose levels lead to excess insulin secretion that is closely associated with diabetes mellitus. Based on Riskesdas, prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia has increased from 1,1% (2007) to 2,1% (2013). This study was aimed to find dominant factor associated with fasting blood glucose level. Cross sectional design were used to conduct this study and involved 105 samples. Independent variables in this study were individual characteristics, nutrients intake, history of hypertention, physical activities, nutritional status and nutritional knowledge. Bivariate analysis was performed by correlation test and two different test mean. Multivariate analysis was performed by multiple linear regression test. Result showed that the average of employees' fasting blood glucose level is 95.14±10.863, 94.07 ± 11.55 mg/dL for woman and 96.47 ± 9.92 mg/dl for man. This study found 2.9% employees with diabetes mellitus (≥126 mg/dl) and 22.9% employees with impaired fasting glucose (100-125 mg/dl). Result of bivariate analysis showed that associated between age, carbohydrate intake, physical activities with fasting blood glucose level. Result of multivariate analysis showed that carbohydrate intake was a dominant factor related to fasting blood glucose level.

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“…There is a growing body of literature showing that higher consumption of foods with high glycemic index/glycemic load values is associated with lower adiponectin levels in both healthy and diabetic individuals (6) and higher leptin levels (7). Glycemic foods are known to induce both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia (8,9). Conversely, high intake of fiber may attenuate the glycemic effect of a full meal, and cereal fiber intake is positively associated with adiponectin (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Variation in Adiponectin and Leptin Levels and Their Association With Adiposity and Insulin Resistance

Mente

Razak²,

Blankenberg³

et al. 2010

Diabetes Care

157

114

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OBJECTIVETo investigate ethnic differences in adiponectin and leptin concentration and to determine whether these adipokines and a high–glycemic index diet account for ethnic variation in insulin resistance.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn 1,176 South Asian, Chinese, Aboriginal, and European Canadians, fasting blood samples were drawn, and clinical history and dietary habits including glycemic index/glycemic load were recorded using standardized questionnaires. Insulin resistance was defined using homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).RESULTSAdiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in Europeans (adjusted mean 12.94 [95% CI 2.27–13.64]) and Aboriginal people (11.87 [11.19–12.59]) than in South Asians (9.35 [8.82–9.92]) and Chinese (8.52 [8.03–9.03]) (overall P < 0.001). Serum leptin was significantly higher in South Asians (11.82 [10.72–13.04]) and Aboriginal people (11.13 [10.13–12.23]) than in Europeans (9.21 [8.38–10.12]) and Chinese (8.25 [7.48–9.10]). BMI and waist circumference were inversely associated with adiponectin in every group except the South Asians (P < 0.001 for interaction). Adiponectin was inversely and leptin was positively associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.001). The increase in HOMA-IR for each given decrease in adiponectin was larger among South Asians (P = 0.01) and Aboriginal people (P < 0.001) than among Europeans. A high glycemic index was associated with a larger decrease in adiponectin among South Asians (P = 0.03) and Aboriginal people (P < 0.001) and a larger increase in HOMA-IR among South Asians (P < 0.05) relative to that in other groups.CONCLUSIONSSouth Asians have the least favorable adipokine profile and, like the Aboriginal people, display a greater increase in insulin resistance with decreasing levels of adiponectin. Differences in adipokines and responses to glycemic foods parallel the ethnic differences in insulin resistance.

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Macronutrient intake and glycemic control in a population-based sample of American Indians with diabetes: the Strong Heart Study

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Appropriate physical activity and dietary intake achieve optimal metabolic control in older type 2 diabetes patients

Appropriate physical activity and dietary intake achieve optimal metabolic control in older type 2 diabetes patients

Asupan Karbohidrat sebagai Faktor Dominan yang Berhubungan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa

Ethnic Variation in Adiponectin and Leptin Levels and Their Association With Adiposity and Insulin Resistance

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