Macromodeling of operational amplifiers

Cohn, B.; Pederson, Donald O.; Solomon, J.

doi:10.1109/isscc.1974.1155260

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Macromodels are derived from device-level models using two techniques: simplification and build-up. Simplification involves replacing complicated arrangements of circuit elements with ideal elements; build-up involves the addition of circuit elements to capture some characteristics of the opamp's behavior, without necessarily resembling the devicelevel circuitry [22].…”

Section: B Op-amp Macromodelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave digital filter modeling of circuits with operational amplifiers

Werner

Dunkel

Rest

et al. 2016

2016 24th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

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We extend the Wave Digital Filter (WDF) approach to simulate reference circuits that involve operational amplifiers (op-amps). We handle both nullor-based ideal op-amp models and controlled-source-based linear op-amp macromodels in circuits with arbitrary topologies using recent derivations for complicated scattering matrices. The presented methods greatly increase the class of appropriate circuits for virtual analog modeling, and readily extend to circuits with any number of op-amps. Although op-amps are essential to many circuits and deviations from ideal can be important, previous WDF research applies only to the limited case of circuits with ideal op-amps, in differential amplifier topology, with no global feedback.

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Section: B Op-amp Macromodelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave digital filter modeling of circuits with operational amplifiers

Werner

Dunkel

Rest

et al. 2016

2016 24th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

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A nonlinear macromodel for operational amplifiers

Weil

McNamee

1978

Circuit Theory & Apps

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A general-purpose nonlinear macromodel of an operational amplifier is presented. All element values can be derived directly from typical specification sheets eliminating any testing to determine model parameters. The model simulates the following characteristics: voltage and current offsets, input impedance, nonlinear input bias currents, gain, multiple poles, nonlinear slew, common-mode gain, voltage and current limiting and output impedance. THE OPERATIONAL-AMPLIFIER MACROMODELThe macromodel of the operational amplifier is shown in Figure 1. It consists of four sections connected together by dependent current generators to eliminate loading between sections and to constrain a

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A unified high accuracy behavioral SPICE macromodel of operational amplifiers featuring the frequency, temperature and power supply influences and the Monte Carlo simulation

Maxim

Andreu²

2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No

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The aim of this paper is to present a new analog behavioral SPICE macromodeling technique of the operational amplifiers, based on a direct implementation of their time and frequency domain internal equations with nonlinear controlled voltage and current sources. It greatly increases the simulation accuracy by considering the high order poles and zeros of the differential and common mode gains, as well as of the input and output impedances. Also the macromodel includes the temperature dependencies of the main OpAmp electrical parameters and it considers their tolerances for the Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed behavioral macromodel is a unified one, valid for all the existing OpAmp technologies and it is portable easily in all the modem SPICE simulators that support the Analog Behavioral Macromodeling facilities. It is made only of passive elements and controlled sources, and thus it leads to a very low computation time, with no convergence problems. It uses directly the common data-sheets specifications as model parameters and thus eliminates the time consuming model calibration step. A SURVEY OF EXISTING OPAMP SPICE MODELSAlthough the detailed transistor level OpAmp modeling offers the highest possible simulation accuracy, it is rarely used in the large designs analysis, due to the prohibitive large computation time. Actually there exist two methods of OpAmp SPICE modeling for efficient simulation of large designs: the simplified transistor level modeling, and the structural macromodeling. The simplified transistor level modeling consists in developing a simplified equivalent circuit in which all the signal path transistors are modeled with the high accuracy SPICE transistor model, and all the auxiliary circuitry (biasing, protection, etc) are described with equivalent voltage or current sources [ I , 2].The advantage of this method is the nearly full transistor level accuracy, with a lower simulation time. However, it has some drawbacks that limits drastically its wide use: the models are specific for each structure of OpAmp, the model parameters extraction algorithm is complicated and needs additional physical and geometrical knowledge about the internal transistors, and the simulation time is still high. Actually the most used method of OpAmp SPICE modeling is the structural macromodeling, that consists in modeling the input stage with a simplified transistor level unity gain circuit, and all the other stages are modeled with controlled sources. The advantages of this method are the simplicity, and thus the computational efficiency, the portability in all the existing SPICE simulators, and the easy algorithm of model parameters extraction from data-sheets characteristics. The macromodel is no more part dependent, but is still specific for a given type of input stage (bipolar, JFET, MOS). The most popular OpAmp structural macromodel is the one developed by Boyle [3], with its derivatives 14-71, However, it do not include many of the second order effects: higher order poles and zeros, the input equivalent n...

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Macromodeling of operational amplifiers

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Wave digital filter modeling of circuits with operational amplifiers

Wave digital filter modeling of circuits with operational amplifiers

A nonlinear macromodel for operational amplifiers

A unified high accuracy behavioral SPICE macromodel of operational amplifiers featuring the frequency, temperature and power supply influences and the Monte Carlo simulation

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