Macroenvironmental Factors Including GDP per Capita and Physical Activity in Europe

Cameron, Adrian J.; Stralen, Maartje M. van; Kunst, Anton E.; Velde, Saskia J. te; Lenthe, Frank J. van; Salmon, Jo; Brug, Johannes

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31826e69f0

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our hypothesis is that an obesogenic environment would create barriers for weight loss maintenance and may be an intriguing area to investigate. Lastly, the macro‐environment and factors such as gross domestic product per capita and pricing policies have been reported to be associated with weight and weight control behaviours but were not identified in this review on weight loss maintenance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of weight loss maintenance: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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Background: Discerning the determinants of weight loss maintenance is important in the planning of future interventions and policies regarding overweight and obesity. We have therefore systematically synthesized recent literature on determinants of weight loss maintenance for individuals with overweight and obesity.Methods: With the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, prospective studies were identified from searches in PubMed and PsycINFO from 2006 to 2016. We included articles investigating adults with overweight and obesity undergoing weight loss without surgery or medication. Included articles were scored on their methodological quality, and a best-evidence synthesis was applied to summarize the results.Results: Our search resulted in 8,222 articles of which 67 articles were selected. In total, 124 determinants were identified of which 5 were demographic, 59 were behavioural, 51 were psychological/cognitive and 9 were social and physical environmental determinants. We found consistent evidence that demographic determinants were not predictive of weight loss maintenance. Behavioural and cognitive determinants that promote a reduction in energy intake, an increase in energy expenditure and monitoring of this balance are predictive determinants.Conclusion: This review identifies key determinants in weight loss maintenance.However, more research regarding cognitive and environmental determinants of weight loss maintenance is needed to advance our knowledge on determinants of weight loss maintenance.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Participants with acute or chronic disease unable to undergo a weight loss trial. Participants who are using medication to lose weight. Participants who are pregnant or lactating. InterventionExperimental study where long-term weight loss is followed by ≥1-year post-intervention. Experimental study where weight loss maintenance is conducted for ≥1 year from baseline. Observational study where participants have been followed up ≥1 year. Cross-sectional study. Qualitative study. Outcome Determinant analysed for effect on weight. Long-term weight loss: Weight change (kg), percent weight change (%), BMI change (kg m À2 ) from end of study to follow-up. Weight loss maintenance study: Weight change (kg), percent weight change (%), BMI change (kg m À2 ) from baseline to follow-up. Observational study: Maintenance vs. regain, where maintenance is defined as 5% weight loss for >1 year. Demographic, behavioural, psychological/cognitive, environmental (social and physical) determinants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of weight loss maintenance: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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“…Specifically, we employ water consumption, capital, and labor as inputs; sewage as the poor (undesirable) output; and, per capita GDP as the good (desirable) output, as it has a more significant impact on water consumption. This allows for us to get closer to the expected output of water resources based on the environmental Kuznets curve theory [44,45]. Since the DEA method does not directly synthesize the data, the optimal efficiency index of the decision unit has nothing to do with the dimension selection of the input and the output index value.…”

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confidence: 99%

Water Use Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in China: Based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)—Tobit Model

Wang

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:Water resources are important and irreplaceable natural and economic resources. Achieving a balance between economic prosperity and protection of water resource environments is a major issue in China. This article develops a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach with undesirable outputs by using Seiford's linear converting method to estimate water use efficiencies for 30 provinces in China, from 2008-2016,and then analyzes the influencing factors while using a DEA-Tobit model. The findings show that the overall water use efficiency of the measured Chinese provinces, when considering sewage emissions as the undesirable output, is 0.582. Thus, most regions still need improvement. Provinces with the highest water efficiency are located in economically developed Eastern China. The spatial pattern of water use efficiency in China is consistent with the general pattern of regional economic development. This study implies that factors like export dependence, technical progress, and educational value have a positive influence on water use efficiency. Further, while industrial structure has had a negative impact, government intervention has had little impact on water use efficiency. These research results will provide a scientific basis for the government to make plans for water resource development, and it may be helpful in improving regional sustainable development.

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“…We identified barriers to family‐based physical activity which align with the levels described in Bronfenbrenner's socio‐ecological model . We also found that some issues cross the ecological levels: work patterns and income (exosystem) affect individual isolation and well‐being (microsystem); and the quality of built environments and neighbourhood facilities (mesosystem) was associated with socio‐economic characteristics (macrosystem) . While higher income and better quality environment enabled more physical activity, perceptions and attitudes were common between families in deprived and also affluent neighbourhoods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Irregular and variable work patterns have been shaped by the expansion of a de‐regulated labour market resulting in a societal change across the macrosystem which has affected lower socio‐economic groups’ disproportionately . Indeed, parents in less affluent areas perceived physical activity as a luxury, and therefore, it was not a regular occurrence. In contrast, parents living in affluent areas reported working mostly regular hours during the week and were therefore able to maintain some form of regular physical activity outside the home.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31,40 We also found that some issues cross the ecological levels: work patterns and income (exosystem) affect individual isolation and well-being (microsystem); and the quality of built environments and neighbourhood facilities (mesosystem) was associated with socio-economic characteristics (macrosystem). 41,53,54 While higher income and better quality environment enabled more physical activity, perceptions and attitudes were common between families in deprived and also affluent neighbourhoods. These findings are consistent with previous studies which report pressures at the exosystem and mesosystem level of work and family life encountered by parents when trying to maintain physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent recommendations to support physical activity for families with young children: Results of interviews in deprived and affluent communities in South Wales (United Kingdom)

Khanom

Evans

Lynch

et al. 2020

Health Expectations

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Background Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Early childhood is a critical period when healthy behaviours can be instilled for a future active lifestyle. We explored community, societal and environmental factors affecting child and family physical activity and sought parent recommendations to support physical activity in families with young children. Methods We interviewed 61 parents expecting a child or with a baby ≤12 months (35 mother and father paired interviews and 26 interviews with mothers only). We purposively sampled families for neighbourhood deprivation status (Townsend Index; 26 affluent; 35 deprived). We conducted thematic analysis of interview transcripts using Bronfenbrenner's socio‐ecological framework to guide interpretation. Results We identified four themes: work family‐life balance; spaces for activity; beliefs and attitudes; and physical activity facilitators. We found that parents from deprived neighbourhoods were more likely to be underactive because of a complex web of community, social and personal factors which reduced motivation and hindered opportunity for physical activity. To increase knowledge and opportunity, respondents suggested ‘help not tell’ messages covering ‘why’, ‘how’ and ‘where’ information about physical activity, and using physical activity to support community engagement and social interaction. Conclusions Recommendations from parents highlight effective communication about the importance of early child and family physical activity and improved community access to safe facilities and opportunities. Both parents need to be engaged in designing interventions to support greater physical activity and healthy behaviours which are relevant and achievable in individuals’ lives.

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Macroenvironmental Factors Including GDP per Capita and Physical Activity in Europe

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Determinants of weight loss maintenance: a systematic review

Determinants of weight loss maintenance: a systematic review

Water Use Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in China: Based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)—Tobit Model

Parent recommendations to support physical activity for families with young children: Results of interviews in deprived and affluent communities in South Wales (United Kingdom)

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