Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus infection in a giant freshwater prawn hatchery in Indonesia

Abstract

A pathogen of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, was recently recorded in a hatchery in Yogyakarta. The clinical symptom in post-larvae (PL) was a whitish appearance of the muscles in the tail. Histological examination revealed myonecrosis with massive infiltration of myonuclei and hemocytes. RT-PCR products of 850 bp were obtained when using RNA from diseased PL as a template. The clinical signs and RT-PCR amplicon were reproduced in M. rosenbergii inoculated with bacteria-free inocula. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) was icosahedral in shape and 28.12 ± 2.31 nm in diameter. RT-PCR products of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (RNA-1) and capsid protein gene (RNA-2) of MrNV were obtained using designed primer pairs, cloned into pBluescript-KS, and sequenced. The 1312 nucleotide (nt) sequence of MrNV RNA-1 revealed 98.0 % identity with isolates from China and India. Additionally, the 1112 nt sequence of MrNV RNA-2 displayed 98.0 % identity with isolates from China and Taiwan. Disease control efforts involving disinfection of PL, broodstocks, water media, tanks, equipment and ponds successfully eradicated white tail disease from the hatchery. This study is the first report on white tail disease and the isolation and characterization of MrNV in Indonesia.

Molecular biology of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus infection in giant freshwater prawn

“…Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus ( Mr NV) that was classified in the family of Nodaviridae is the culprit of white muscle disease/white tail disease (WTD) in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii . The disease was first reported in Guadeloupe Island during 1997 (Arcier et al., ) and was subsequently reported in China (Qian et al., ), India (Hameed, Yoganandhan, Widada, & Bonami, ), Taiwan (Hsieh et al., ), Thailand (Yoganandhan, Leartvibhas, Sriwongpuk, & Limsuwan, ), Australia (Owens, La Fauce, Juntunen, Hayakijkosol, & Zeng, ), Malaysia (Saedi et al., ) and Indonesia (Murwantoko, Bimantara, Roosmanto, & Kawaichi, ) during the last decade. Intensified aquaculture of M. rosenbergii due to the remarkable increasing demand in both domestic and exportation markets for the species leads to the translocation of broodstock and larvae seed in local and international boundaries (Kamalam, Saravanan, & Stalin, ).…”

Economic feasibility of intensification of Macrobrachium rosenbergii hatchery

“…Both hatcheries of high stocking density (100 and 140 larvae per L) showed attractive economic results and are technically feasible (David et al, ). The break‐even point of 100 and 140 larvae per L were 20.9% and 20.5%, respectively, which is strategic for dealing with unexpected mortalities caused by diseases (Arcier et al, ; Murwantoko, Bimantara, Roosmanto, & Kawaichi, ; Sahul Hameed, Yoganandhan, Sri Widada, & Bonami, ; Vijayan, Raj, Alavandi, Sekhar, & Santiago, ) and demonstrates the robustness of both systems if productivity drops. Nonetheless, higher mortality rates and variability of data are reported in the density of 140 larvae per L (David et al, ).…”

A novel RNA virus,Macrobrachium rosenbergiiGolda virus (MrGV), linked to mass mortalities of the larval giant freshwater prawn in Bangladesh

“…Macrobrachium rosenbergii Nodavirus (MrNV) (Arcier et al, 1999), in association with extra small virus (XSV) (Qian et al, 2003), causes white tail disease (WTD), an OIE-listed disease. The viruses have caused devastation in the prawn hatchery industries of Thailand (Yoganandhan, Leartvibhas and Sriwongpuk, 2006), China (Qian et al, 2003), India (Hameed, Yoganandhan and Widada, 2004), Taiwan (Wang et al, 2007) and Indonesia (Murwantoko et al, 2016). Other viruses causing mortalities include Macrobrachium rosenbergii Taihu Virus (MrTV), a novel dicistrovirus associated with larval mortalities in China (Pan et al, 2016), Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) (Hsieh et al, 2006), and Decapod Iridescent Virus (DIV1) (Qiu et al, 2019).…”