Lymphoma Classification in Goats

Abstract

Lymphoma has been described in individual cases for goats but not systematically characterized in a larger cohort. This study aimed to subtype caprine lymphoma based on topographic and subgross distribution, immunophenotype, and cellular morphology following the World Health Organization classification system for hematopoietic tumors in domestic animals. Fifteen caprine lymphoma cases were assessed with 6 submitted as biopsy and 9 for postmortem examination. Goats were predominantly young adult (median 3 years) and dwarf breeds (Pygmy and Pygora). The sexes were similarly represented. Nuclear size was measured relative to red blood cells (RBCs) and then adjusted for species-specific differences and designated small (<3× RBCs), intermediate (3-4× RBCs), or large (>4× RBCs). Using immunohistochemistry, 11 of 15 (73%) goats had T-cell lymphoma (TCL; CD3 positive, CD79α negative) and 4 of 15 (27%) had B-cell lymphoma (BCL; CD79α positive, CD3 negative). A multicentric distribution was most common. TCL generally involved the thoracic cavity and/or neck, suggestive of thymic origin or homing. TCLs were further classified as lymphoblastic lymphomas (3/11; 27%), large granular lymphocyte lymphoma (1/11; 9%), diffuse small lymphocytic lymphomas (3/11; 27%), or peripheral/mature T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) not otherwise specified (4/11 [36%], of which 3 were high grade and 1 intermediate grade). In 1 goat with PTCL, lymph nodes had either paracortical expansion or diffuse infiltrates suggesting transition from nodular to diffuse PTLC. BCLs were classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2/4; 50%) or B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma intermediate type (2/4; 50%). In contrast to dogs and horses, lymphomas in goats are predominantly TCL and frequently involve the mediastinum.

T-cell Lymphoma in the Nasal Cavity in Goat

“…Linfomas são neoplasias mesenquimais malignas que se originam frequentemente em órgãos hematopoiéticos sólidos, como os linfonodos, baço ou tecido linfoide associado a mucosa [14,18]. Em caprinos são considerados pouco frequentes [3,10,16], sendo a forma multicêntrica com maior número de casos [8,10]. Já os linfomas intranasais primários são frequentemente diagnosticados em cães [15], gatos [9] e humanos [6].…”

Indolent T‐cell‐rich small B‐cell hepatic lymphoma in a Golden Retriever

“…Lymphoma is one of the most common neoplasms in the dog, and many of the lymphoma subtypes seen in humans are also diagnosed in dogs . Veterinary medicine has adapted the World Health Organization (WHO) classification guidelines to diagnose lymphoma subtypes in animals, but this classification system has been most thoroughly investigated in canine patients . The most common subtype in dogs is diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma .…”

Mast Cell Tumors and Histiocytomas in Domestic Goats and Diagnostic Utility of CD117/c-Kit and Iba1 Immunohistochemistry

“…Previous studies from the Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (OVDL) reported on the overall prevalence of different types of neoplasia among submissions of goat necropsies and biopsies and provided detailed classification of the caprine lymphoma subtypes observed in this population. 11,14…”

“…For these tumors, differential diagnoses included cutaneous histiocytoma, mast cell tumor (MCT), plasmacytoma, double-negative/null lymphoma, and amelanotic melanoma. 11 Reports of a single case each of cutaneous MCT and cutaneous histiocytoma have been published before 2,23 but did not contain information regarding immunophenotypic characterization of the neoplastic cell population.…”