Lymphocytic, cytokine and transcriptomic profiles in peripheral blood of dogs with atopic dermatitis

Abstract

BackgroundCanine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common chronic and pruritic skin disease in dogs. The development of cAD involves complex interactions between environmental antigens, genetic predisposition and a number of disparate cell types. The aim of the present study was to perform comprehensive analyses of peripheral blood of AD dogs in relation to healthy subjects in order to determine the changes which would be characteristic for cAD.ResultsThe number of cells in specific subpopulations of lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry, concentration of chosen pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, TGF-β1) was determined by ELISA; and microarray analysis was performed on RNA samples isolated from peripheral blood nuclear cells of AD and healthy dogs. The number of Th cells (CD3+CD4+) in AD and healthy dogs was similar, whereas the percentage of Tc (CD3+CD8+) and Treg (CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+) cells increased significantly in AD dogs. Increased concentrations of IL-13 and TNF-α, and decreased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 was observed in AD dogs. The level of IL-4 was similar in both groups of animals. Results of the microarray experiment revealed differentially expressed genes involved in transcriptional regulation (e.g., transcription factors: SMAD2, RORA) or signal transduction pathways (e.g., VEGF, SHB21, PROC) taking part in T lymphocytes lineages differentiation and cytokines synthesis.ConclusionsResults obtained indicate that CD8+ T cells, beside CD4+ T lymphocytes, contribute to the development of the allergic response. Increased IL-13 concentration in AD dogs suggests that this cytokine may play more important role than IL-4 in mediating changes induced by allergic inflammation. Furthermore, observed increase in Treg cells in parallel with high concentrations of TNF-α and low levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the peripheral blood of AD dogs point at the functional insufficiency of Treg cells in patients with AD.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0805-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Serum canine thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses in dogs with atopic dermatitis

“…1 Furthermore, dogs with cAD show characteristic laboratory findings, with elevated allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E concentrations and increased eosinophil counts in peripheral blood that may be attributed to excessive amounts of Type 2 helper T (Th2) cytokines. [2][3][4] Previous studies reported that concentrations of Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, in serum, 5 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 3 and lesional skin, [6][7][8] were higher in atopic dogs than in healthy dogs. One study also found elevated numbers of IL-4-expressing helper T cells in the peripheral blood of dogs with cAD.…”

Reliability of different sets of criteria in diagnosing canine atopic dermatitis applied to a population of 250 dogs seen in a veterinary teaching hospital

“…As precision medicine develops, other promising diagnostic approaches for identifying AD include the use of molecular techniques on serum and blood samples, evaluating selected biomarkers or establishing a molecular profile or a metabolic fingerprint of atopic dogs versus healthy subjects . Whether those biomarkers are truly specific and would be reliable as a diagnostic tool is still to be determined, as well as their possible use as therapeutic targets for cAD.…”

Biochemical changes investigated by psoroptic mange infestation in buffaloes

“…al.,(2014) who attributed this change to the increase of poisonous product of oxidative stress in circulation which have a systematic effect on other tissues than the skin. The elevation of cytokines TNF) levels as compared with healthy group maybe accredited to the severe allergic inflammatory condition induced by Psoroptes mange which stimulated the release of already secreted and newly synthesized cytokines and Radwan et al 023 contributed to the parasite pathology (Majewska et al, 2016). Mainly, TNF plays an important role in in linking adaptive and innate immunity in chronic inflammatory disease (Pasparakis et al;1996) and extreme secretion of TNF is related to the vulnerability to allergies (Stanley and Lacy, 2010).…”