Lycopus maackianus Makino MeOH Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects in Neuronal Cells and Zebrafish Model

Abstract

Lycopus maackianus Makino belongs to the Labiatae family and is used in traditional medicine to manage postpartum edema and boils. However, few studies on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have been conducted. Here, the compounds in L. maackianus methanol (MeOH) extract were profiled using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. The antioxidant activity of L. maackianus MeOH extract was shown to increase in a concentration-dependent manner by investigating the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity. Next, in lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells, L. maackianus extract inactivated the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway, inhibiting nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α production and inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. Furthermore, L. maackianus extract protected against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in glutamate-stimulated HT22 cells. L. maackianus MeOH extract induced heme oxygenase-1 expression and increased the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in the nucleus, thus exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, the in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract were demonstrated in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model treated with hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide. MeOH L. maackianus extract showed antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects by increasing the expression of heme oxygenase-1, establishing its therapeutic potential for neuroinflammatory diseases.

Anti-Skin Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Effects of the Neoflavonoid Latifolin Isolated from Dalbergia odorifera in HaCaT and BJ-5ta Cells

“…These have been widely used in skin care for hundreds of years, and we are currently searching for new natural substances with biological activities. These substances can promote skin health and protect the skin from harmful factors [ 28 , 29 ]. Reports showed that flavonoids from D. odorifera have good therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases, blood diseases, and other inflammation-related diseases [ 16 ].…”

“…ERK, JNK, and p38 respond to oxidative stress, and are activated by ROS production. ERK activation controls cell proliferation; JNK and p38 respond to cell stress and contribute to inflammation and apoptosis [ 29 ]. In our results, latifolin downregulated the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in t -BHP-induced BJ-5ta cells, but did not affect ERK phosphorylation ( Figure 7 ).…”

Effects of Varying Ratios of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Donkey Hide Gelatin Water Extracts on Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice

“…The concentration of every sample is 50-200 µg/mL. For the experimental steps of MTT, please refer to our previous study [19].…”

“…For the methods of UHPLC analysis of the GU1:DHG4 extract, please refer to our previous article [19].…”