&lt;title&gt;Blackbody emissivity considerations for radiometric calibration of the MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) thermal channels&lt;/title&gt;

Moeller, Christopher C.; Grant, Patrick S.; LaPorte, Daniel D.; Gumley, Liam E.; Hájek, Pavel; Menzel, W. Paul; Myers, Jeffrey S.; White, Susan

doi:10.1117/12.258114

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The SRF measurements are used to convert the temperatures of the two onboard MAS blackbodies to equivalent Planck radiances. An emissivity correction to the MAS blackbodies is also applied [Moeller et al, 1996]. In the reflectance bands, the SRF is used with integrating sphere measurements (in the laboratory) to compute a calibration slope and offset for application to inflight data [King et al, 1996].…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retrievals of cirrus cloud properties from satellite-measured radiances are especially difficult because of the wide range of cirrus heights, particle sizes [Heymsfield and Platt, 1984 An emissivity correction to the MAS blackbodies is also applied [Moeller et al, 1996]. In the reflectance bands, the SRF is used with integrating sphere measurements (in the laboratory) to compute a calibration slope and offset for application to inflight data [King et al, 1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote sensing of cloud properties using MODIS airborne simulator imagery during SUCCESS: 1. Data and models

Baum¹,

Kratz²,

Yang³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

121

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Abstract. We investigate methods to infer cloud properties such as cloud optical thickness, thermodynamic phase, cloud particle size, and cloud overlap by comparing cloud and clear-sky radiative transfer computations to measurements provided by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) airborne simulator (MAS). The MAS scanning spectroradiometer was flown on the NASA ER-2 during the Subsonic Aircraft Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study (SUCCESS) field campaign during April and May 1996. The MAS bands chosen for this study correspond to wavelengths of 0.65, 1.63, 1.90, 2.15, 3.82, 8.52, 11, and 12 gm. Clear-sky absorption due to water vapor, ozone, and other trace gases is calculated using a set of correlated k-distribution routines developed specifically for these MAS bands. Scattering properties (phase function, single-scattering albedo, and extinction cross section) are derived for water droplet clouds using Mie theory. Scattering properties for ice-phase clouds are incorporated for seven cirrus models: cirrostratus, cirrus uncinus, cold cirrus, warm cirrus, and cirrus at temperatures of T = -20øC, -40øC, and -60øC. The cirrus are composed of four crystal types: hexagonal plates, two-dimensional bullet rosettes, hollow columns, and aggregates. Results from comparison of MAS data from a liquid water cloud with theoretical calculations indicate that estimates of optical thickness and particle size are reasonably consistent with one another no matter which spectral bands are used in the analysis. However, comparison of MAS data from a cirrus cloud with theoretical calculations shows consistency in optical thickness but not with particle size among the various band combinations used in the analysis. The methods described in this paper are used in two companion papers to explore techniques to infer cloud thermodynamic phase and cloud overlap.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of cloud properties using MODIS airborne simulator imagery during SUCCESS: 1. Data and models

Baum¹,

Kratz²,

Yang³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

121

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“…Recent modifications to the MAS have included heating elements, insulation, and airflow barriers. The 3.7-m and thermal channels are calibrated in flight with two onboard blackbody panels, at ambient (cold) and warm temperatures, with empirical emissivity corrections (Moeller et al 1996). The 3.7-m retrieval is less sensitive to reflectance errors, with a Ϯ10% uncertainty in the inferred reflectance roughly corresponding to an equivalent Ϯ10% uncertainty in retrieval size (see Platnick and Valero 1995).…”

Section: A Modis Airborne Simulator Retrievalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Background Cloud Microphysics in the Radiative Formation of Ship Tracks

Platnick¹,

Durkee

Nielsen

et al. 2000

J. Atmos. Sci.

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The authors investigate the extent to which the contrast brightness of ship tracks, that is, the relative change in observed solar reflectance, in visible and near-infrared imagery can be explained by the microphysics of the background cloud in which they form. The sensitivity of visible and near-infrared wavelengths for detecting reflectance changes in ship tracks is discussed, including the use of a modified cloud susceptibility parameter, termed the ''contrast susceptibility,'' for assessing the sensitivity of background cloud microphysics on potential track development. It is shown that the relative change in cloud reflectance for ship tracks is expected to be larger in the near-infrared than in the visible and that 3.7-m channels, widely known to be useful for detecting tracks, have the greatest sensitivity. The usefulness of contrast susceptibility as a predictor of ship track contrast is tested with airborne and satellite remote sensing retrievals of background cloud parameters and track contrast. Retrievals are made with the high spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Airborne Simulator flown on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's high-altitude ER-2 aircraft, and with the larger-scale perspective of the advanced very high resolution radiometer. Observed modifications in cloud droplet effective radius, optical thickness, liquid water path, contrast susceptibility, and reflectance contrast are presented for several ship tracks formed in background clouds with both small and large droplet sizes. The remote sensing results are augmented with in situ measurements of cloud microphysics that provide data at the smaller spatial scales.

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“…The value of ε b ͑0.98 for short-wave IR channels and 0.94 for longwave IR channels͒ was determined by regression analysis of the laboratory observations of a thermally controlled external source in a stable ambient environment. We measured the spectral emissivity of the Krylon ultraflat black paint that was used to paint the MAS blackbodies and compared it with the spectral emissivity of another Krylon ultraflat black paint sample prepared and measured by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ASTER ͑Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflectance Radiometer͒ team ͑data available as ultra flat black paint 1602.txt from http:͞͞speclib.jpl.nasa.gov͒͞ and the effective emissivities ͑Table 2 of Moeller et al 8 ͒ in Fig. 4.…”

Section: The Equation For Nonunit Emissivity Calibration Of Mas Thermmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the preliminary MAS level 1B processing, the calibration of MAS TIR data was based on the effective blackbody emissivity values determined by regression analysis of the laboratory observations of a thermally controlled external source in a stable ambient environment. 8 The operational calibration of the MAS TIR channels is accomplished through in-flight observations of two onboard blackbody sources and the use of the instrument characteristics ͑in particular, the blackbody emissivity͒ determined from preflight calibration activities in the laboratory. Because during flights the MAS performs in a different environment from the laboratory environment and the MAS is a complicated instrument, any unexpected thermal deformation, small changes in its optical alignment, and other factors may affect its calibration performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vicarious calibration of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Airborne Simulator thermal-infrared channels

Wan

Zhang

et al. 1999

Appl. Opt.

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We made an experimental vicarious calibration of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator (MAS) thermal infrared (TIR) channel data acquired in the field campaign near Mono Lake, Calif. on 10 March 1998 to demonstrate the advantage of using high-elevation sites in dry atmospheric conditions for vicarious calibration. With three lake-surface sites and one snow-field site, we estimated the MAS noise-equivalent temperature difference as 0.7-1.0 degrees C for bands 30-32 in the 3.68-4.13-microm region and 0.1-0.5 degrees C for bands 42, 45, 46, and 48 in the 8-13.5-microm region. This study shows that the MAS calibration error is within +/-0.4 degrees C in the split-window channels (at 11 and 12 microm) and larger in other TIR channels based on the MAS data over Mono Lake and in situ measurement data over the snow-field site.

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<title>Blackbody emissivity considerations for radiometric calibration of the MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) thermal channels</title>

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Remote sensing of cloud properties using MODIS airborne simulator imagery during SUCCESS: 1. Data and models

Remote sensing of cloud properties using MODIS airborne simulator imagery during SUCCESS: 1. Data and models

The Role of Background Cloud Microphysics in the Radiative Formation of Ship Tracks

Vicarious calibration of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Airborne Simulator thermal-infrared channels

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