<p>Effect of Oral Administration of <em>Weissella confusa</em> on Fecal and Plasma Ethanol Concentrations, Lipids and Glucose Metabolism in Wistar Rats Fed High Fructose and Fat Diet</p>

Abstract

Background and Purpose: In previous investigations, Weissella confusa was shown to lack the metabolic pathway from fructose to mannitol and to produce ethanol when cultivated in the presence of fructose. Hence, we assessed the effect of oral administration of W. confusa (strain NRRL-B-14171) on blood and fecal ethanol concentrations, glucose and lipid metabolism and traits of the metabolic syndrome in Wistar rats (n=27) fed diets with two different fat and fructose levels and with or without the addition of W. confusa during a total intervention time of 15 weeks (105 days). Materials and Methods: From week 1 to 6, rats were given a medium fructose and fat (MFru-MF) diet containing 28% fructose and 10% fat without the addition of W. confusa (control group, n=13) or mixed with 30 g per kg diet of lyophilized W. confusa (10.56 ± 0.20 log CFU/g; W. confusa group, n=14). From week 7 to 15, the percentage of dietary fructose and fat in the control and W. confusa group was increased to 56% and 16%, respectively (high fructose-high fat (HFru-HF) diet). Results: In HFru-HF-fed rats, W. confusa was detected in feces, regardless of whether W. confusa was added to the diet or not, but not in rats receiving the MFru-MF diet without added W. confusa or in an additional control group (n=10) fed standard rat food without fructose, increased fat content and W. confusa. This indicates that fecal W. confusa may be derived from orally administered W. confusa as well asin the case of high fructose and fat intake and obesity of ratsfrom the intestinal microbiota. As shown by multifactorial ANOVA, blood ethanol, the relative liver weight, serum triglycerides, and serum cholesterol as well as fecal ethanol, ADH, acetate, propionate and butyrate, but not lactate, were significantly higher in the W. confusacompared to the control group. Discussion: This is the first in vivo trial demonstrating that heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria lacking the mannitol pathway (like W. confusa) can increase fecal and blood ethanol concentrations in mammals on a high fructose-high fat diet. This may explain why W. confusa resulted in hyperlipidemia and may promote development of NAFLD in the host.

Interplay of Lymphocytes with the Intestinal Microbiota in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Barnesiella has close contact with immune cells and exerts anti-inflammatory protection [ 60 ]. Weissella may convert glucose and fructose directly into ethanol in the rat intestine, increasing ethanol production [ 61 ]. It results in hyperlipidemia and may promote the development of NAFLD [ 61 ].…”

“…Weissella may convert glucose and fructose directly into ethanol in the rat intestine, increasing ethanol production [ 61 ]. It results in hyperlipidemia and may promote the development of NAFLD [ 61 ]. Pediococcus is a probiotic that improves NAFLD by modulating gut microbiome and inflammatory responses [ 62 ].…”

Complete Genome Sequence of Weissella confusa LM1 and Comparative Genomic Analysis

“…They have been isolated from various fermented foods, such as yoghurt, sourdough, and kimchi ( Wang et al, 2011 ; Zannini et al, 2018 ; Mun and Chang, 2020 ; Valerio et al, 2020 ), and play important roles in the process of fermentation, thereby influencing the texture and taste of foods. They also exist in the guts of humans and vertebrate animals, such as giant pandas and rainbow trout ( Xiong et al, 2019 ; Mortezaei et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ), their functions involve reducing depressive-like behavior ( Sandes et al, 2020 ), influencing gut permeability and intestinal epithelial regeneration ( Prado et al, 2020 ), killing harmful bacteria ( Dey and Kang, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2020 ; Pelyuntha et al, 2020 ), affecting host metabolism ( Elshaghabee et al, 2020 ), and preventing cancer cell proliferation ( Le et al, 2020 ). Some Weissella species may be beneficial to plants because they inhibit the infection of plant pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium verticillioides ( Quattrini et al, 2020 ).…”

Weissella cibaria MG5285 and Lactobacillus reuteri MG5149 attenuated fat accumulation in adipose and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6J obese mice

“…The intestinal microbiota influences the metabolism of the host metabolism; they regulate the immune system, digestion, absorption, and synthesis. Several studies have revealed that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, which is an imbalance of microbial communities, disrupts the host's energy metabolism, and contributes to obesity and metabolic syndrome (16,17). Dietary habits and nutrition are very influential in maintaining intestinal health and can be useful or toxic to the host.…”