<p>Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of crude root extract and solvent fractions of <em>Cucumis ficifolius</em> in mice model</p>

Abstract

Background: Societies in developing countries use traditional medicine as alternatives for management of pain and inflammation. The plant Cucumis ficifolius has been used in Ethiopia to treat many ailments including inflammation and pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the crude root extract and solvent fractions of C. ficifolius . Methods: The analgesic activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of C. ficifolius was evaluated with acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and formalin-induced paw licking tests. The anti-inflammatory effect of crude methanolic root extract and solvent fractions of C. ficifolius was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema. The crude extract was given at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. Butanol and aqueous fractions were given at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses. The negative control groups were treated with distilled water (10 mL/kg). Standard drugs used were acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in acetic acid, formalin tests and carrageenan-induced paw edema and morphine (20 mg/kg) in hot plate test. Results: The crude extract, at its maximum dose, produced comparable analgesic activity (72.5%) to ASA in acetic acid writhing test. In the hot plate test, both the crude extract and solvent fractions exhibited a significant prolongation of nociception reaction time. Formalin test result indicated a significant reduction of mean lick time with maximal protection of 64% (early phase) and 83% (late phase). Aqueous and butanol fractions showed good analgesic activity in the three models. Inflammation was decreased by 69% with butanol (200 mg/kg); 71% (800 mg/kg) of crude extract and by 41% and 56% with the use of aqueous fraction at 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively ( p <0.001). Conclusion: The present study indicates that the crude methanolic root extract, as well as butanol and aqueous solvent fractions, showed anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.

<p>Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of 80% Methanol Root Extract of <em>Echinops kebericho</em> M. (Asteraceae)</p>

“…Increasing PG levels within the peritoneal cavity enhances inflammatory pain by increasing capillary permeability and activating primary afferent nociceptors. 29 Echinops kebericho extract at all doses employed (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01, and p < 0.001) showed peripheral analgesic activities by reducing the number of writhing with the respective values of 31.01%, 48.43%, 57.84% as compared with the negative control. These findings confirmed that the peripheral analgesic activity of the extract increased from the lower dose (100 mg/kg) to the higher dose (400 mg/kg) in dose dependent manner.…”

Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesised from the Vernonia amygdalina shows the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in the mice model

“…The V. amygdalina is rich in flavonoids, steroids, necessary oil and tannins, which preferably used in animal models to predict nociception [53][54][55][56]. The certain stimulus of nociceptors can be reviewed by the initiation of inflammation that similar to acetic acid.…”

In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Pharmacological Potential of Lasia spinosa Linn.

“…The peripheral analgesic activity of L. spinosa in mice was determined by formalin-induced lick test. 19 In this assay, the animals were divided into negative control, positive control or standard and test groups as mentioned in the above section. At zero-hour, test samples (HFLS, CFLS, AFLS at 500 mg/kg body weight), control and standard aspirin (50 mg/kg) were administered orally.…”