&lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Induction of Polyploidy in &lt;i&gt;Sorghum bicolor&lt;/i&gt; L.

Ardabili, Giti Sotoudeh; Zakaria, Rasool Asghari; Zare, Nasser

doi:10.1508/cytologia.80.495

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This might due to increased cell size in the tetraploid plants as compared with diploids and consequently decreasing stomata density. Reducing stomata density in tetraploid plants reported on the parsley (Nasirvand et al 2018), Sorghum bicolor (Sotoudeh Ardabili et al 2015), and Jasione maritima (Castro et al 2018). In contrast, tetraploid plants have larger stomata as compared with diploids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Polyploidy Induction in <i>Salvia officinalis</i> L. and Its Effects on Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics

2020

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Salvia officinalis L. (2n=2x=14) is a perennial plant from Lamiaceae family. It has a long history of medicinal and culinary use. This study was aimed to investigate the polyploidy induction in S. officinalis L. via seed treatment with colchicine concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5% at 12, 24 and 48 h treatment time as a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design with three replications. Polyploidy induction firstly detected by morphological, anatomical and physiological characteristics and confirmed by flow cytometry and chromosome observation from leaves. Results showed that the colchicine concentration and treatment duration have significant effects on the survival rate of plants and the percentage of tetraploidy induction. The percentage of survived plants was decreased by increasing the treatment time and colchicine concentration. Meanwhile, the highest percentage of induced tetraploid plants was obtained at 0.25 and 0.5% colchicine with a treatment time of 48 and 24 h, respectively. Tetraploid plants specified by increasing in leaf length, leaf width, plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, internodes length, stomata size, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity and on the contrary, decreasing in stomata count as compared with diploid ones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Polyploidy Induction in <i>Salvia officinalis</i> L. and Its Effects on Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics

2020

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“…A high colchicine concentration has been, however, toxic to cell and plant tissues. A low colchicine concentration (0.1%) treatment with relative long duration (48 h) has been effective in increasing the yield of polyploid cells in shoot tips in vitro [18] ( Table 1). For example, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.)…”

Section: Production Of Polyploid Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mexicana (Schrad.) Kuntze 4× had higher leaf soluble proteins, oil contents, and total soluble sugars [16] Sorghum bicolor (L.) Mönch 4× had higher chlorophyll contents, water soluble carbohydrates, and proteins [18] Lolium multiflorum Lam., Lolium perenne L. and Festuca pratensis (Huds.) Darbysh.…”

Section: Species Characteristics Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Polyploidy: A Tool for Forage Species Improvement

et al. 2021

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Polyploidy means having more than two basic sets of chromosomes. Polyploid plants may be artificially obtained through chemical, physical and biological (2n gametes) methods. This approach allows an increased gene scope and expression, thus resulting in phenotypic changes such as yield and product quality. Nonetheless, breeding new cultivars through induced polyploidy should overcome deleterious effects that are partly contributed by genome and epigenome instability after polyploidization. Furthermore, shortening the time required from early chromosome set doubling to the final selection of high yielding superior polyploids is a must. Despite these hurdles, plant breeders have successfully obtained polyploid bred-germplasm in broad range of forages after optimizing methods, concentration and time, particularly when using colchicine. These experimental polyploids are a valuable tool for understanding gene expression, which seems to be driven by dosage dependent gene expression, altered gene regulation and epigenetic changes. Isozymes and DNA-based markers facilitated the identification of rare alleles for particular loci when compared with diploids, and also explained their heterozygosity, phenotypic plasticity and adaptability to diverse environments. Experimentally induced polyploid germplasm could enhance fresh herbage yield and quality, e.g., leaf protein content, leaf total soluble solids, water soluble carbohydrates and sucrose content. Offspring of experimentally obtained hybrids should undergo selection for several generations to improve their performance and stability.

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“…A high colchicine concentration has been, however, toxic to cell and plant tissues. A low colchicine concentration (0.1%) treatment with relative long duration (48 h) has been effective in increasing the yield of polyploid cells in shoot tips in vitro [18] (Table 1). For instance, sorghum seed were subjected to 0.2% concentration of colchicine for 48 h and 72 h, yielding 3.3% and 2.3% polysomic tetraploid plants, respectively [19].…”

Section: Production Of Polyploid Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scope of Whole Genome Duplication in Forages: A Plant Breeder Perspective

Rauf¹,

Ortíz²,

Malinowski³

et al. 2021

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Polyploidy is a condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes. Polyploid plants may be artificially obtained through chemical, physical and biological methods (2n gametes). It is considered an interesting approach due to increased genescope and expression, thus resulting in phenotypic changes, such as yield and product quality. Nonetheless, breeding new cultivars through induced polyploidy should overcome deleterious effects partly contributed by genome and epigenome instability after polyploidization. Furthermore, shortening the time required from early chromosome set doubling to the final selection of high yielding superior polyploids is a must. Despite these hurdles, plant breeders have successfully obtained polyploid bred-germplasm in broad range of forages from optimized application methods, concentration and time mainly using colchicine. These experimental polyploids proved to be a valuable tool for understanding gene expression that is driven by dosage dependent gene expression, altered gene regulation and epigenetic changes. Isozymes and DNA-based markers aided on the identification of rare alleles for particular loci when compared with diploids, which may explain their heterozygosity, phenotypic plasticity and adaptability to diverse environments. It has also been observed that experimentally induced polyploid germplasm could enhance fresh herbage yield and quality, e.g. leaf protein content, leaf total soluble solids, water soluble carbohydrates and sucrose content. Offspring of experimentally obtained hybrids underwent selection for several generations to improve their performance and stability.

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<i>In Vitro</i> Induction of Polyploidy in <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Polyploidy Induction in <i>Salvia officinalis</i> L. and Its Effects on Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics

Polyploidy Induction in <i>Salvia officinalis</i> L. and Its Effects on Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics

Induced Polyploidy: A Tool for Forage Species Improvement

Scope of Whole Genome Duplication in Forages: A Plant Breeder Perspective

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