Polyploidy Induction in <i>Salvia officinalis</i> L. and Its Effects on Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics

Abstract

Salvia officinalis L. (2n=2x=14) is a perennial plant from Lamiaceae family. It has a long history of medicinal and culinary use. This study was aimed to investigate the polyploidy induction in S. officinalis L. via seed treatment with colchicine concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5% at 12, 24 and 48 h treatment time as a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design with three replications. Polyploidy induction firstly detected by morphological, anatomical and physiological characteristics and confirmed by flow cytometry and chromosome observation from leaves. Results showed that the colchicine concentration and treatment duration have significant effects on the survival rate of plants and the percentage of tetraploidy induction. The percentage of survived plants was decreased by increasing the treatment time and colchicine concentration. Meanwhile, the highest percentage of induced tetraploid plants was obtained at 0.25 and 0.5% colchicine with a treatment time of 48 and 24 h, respectively. Tetraploid plants specified by increasing in leaf length, leaf width, plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, internodes length, stomata size, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity and on the contrary, decreasing in stomata count as compared with diploid ones.

Enhanced morphologic traits and medicinal constituents of octaploids in Satureja mutica, a high-yielding medicinal savory

“…The purpose of polyploidy induction in medicinal plants is to increase the yield of active ingredients. For example, tetraploid induction in Dendrobium hybrid increased the amount of shikunidine (Grosso et al, 2018), in Bletilla striata, superior phenolic and polysaccharide compounds , in Stevia rebaudiana over accumulated stevioside (Hegde et al, 2015), in Scutellaria baicalensis higher baicalin (Gao et al, 2002), in Dendrobium officinale richer polysaccharides (Song et al, 2016) and in Salvia officinalis L. increased flavonoids, total phenol, and antioxidants such as polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and peroxidase (Hassanzadeh et al, 2020).…”

Synthetic polyploidy in spice crops: A review

“…In vivo polyploidization is achieved through the application of an anti‐mitotic agent to portions of an intact plant or plant parts such as seeds, nodal segments, rhizome buds, and corms, which are easy to get and manage and are frequently used as the initial material for polyploidization (Hassanzadeh et al., 2020; Prasath et al., 2022; Samadi et al., 2022). Chemicals can be applied directly through various methods, such as immersion of the seedling as in Agastache foeniculum (Talebi et al., 2017), injection by syringe in Papaver somniferum (Mishra et al., 2010), the cotton plug method in Capsicum annuum (Kulkarni & Borse, 2010), immersion of the root tip in Ocimum basilicum (Omidbaigi et al., 2010), and dropwise application to the apical meristem in A. foeniculum (Talebi et al., 2017).…”

“…The freshness of the sample, the presence of cytosolic chemicals, and the lack of globally accepted DNA reference standards can all have an impact on the precision and accuracy of FCM analysis (Doležel & Bartoš., 2005). This method of ploidy verification is extensively used in spice breeding programs by researchers over all other indirect methods as it gives more accurate results much more quickly (George & Prasath, 2022, 2023; Hassanzadeh et al., 2020; Keshtkar et al., 2019; Prasath et al., 2022).…”

“…Nevertheless, the essential oil of the tetraploid cytotype of Acorus calamus contained up to 96% β‐asarone, whereas diploid was distinguished by the lack of β‐asarone (Bertea et al., 2005). Higher ploidy resulted in increased enzyme activity as well as phenolic and flavonoid levels in Salvia officinalis (Hassanzadeh et al., 2020), Nigella sativa (Gupta et al., 2021), and T. foenum‐graecum (Marzougui et al., 2009). The method for creating polyploidy is well established in most of the spice crops (Table 1).…”

Autopolyploidization effect on morpholological, anatomical, reproductive variations and andrographolide content in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees.

“…In order to attain high rate of polyploidy induction, the crucial parameters to be employed were colchicine concentration, duration of treatment and type of plant (Hassanzadeh et al, 2020). At low concentrations, colchicine act as a growth hormone and at high concentrations as toxic resulted in reduced growth and still at higher concentrations; it became lethal affecting the survivability of the plant (Fig.…”