<b>Replacing fish meal by mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) on the growth performance and immunologic responses of white shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>)
Abstract:The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing FM with mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) on the growth performance and immunologic responses of white shrimp. In addition, the toxicity of such replacement to white shrimp was measured. Mealworm was incorporated to partially or totally replace fish meal in diets for white shrimp. Experimental groups of shrimp with an average initial body weight of 2.39 ± 0.49 g were fed each of 4 isonitrogeneous diets formulated to include 0, 25, 50 and 100% (cont… Show more
“…Choi et al (2018) reported significant improvements in the THC when insect meal fed shrimp (50% FM replacement) were challenged with the pathogen that causes white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) [21]. Similarly, in the present study, in pre-challenged shrimps, THC showed an improvement that positively correlated with the YM dietary levels.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 72%
“…Choi et al (2018) reported similar results when replacing FM with a full-fat T.molitor meal in Pacific white shrimp diet. The authors suggested that an insect meal improves growth performance of the shrimp because it contains essential amino acids [21].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the present study, the inclusion of YM in experimental diets did not impact on the feed intake. It is interesting to note that in other nutritional studies, feed consumption was also not affected by dietary inclusion of mealworm protein [20,21].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, in a study using black soldier fly larvae ( H. illucens ), FM replacement was limited to less than 25% of a diet for rainbow trout [18]. In contrast, all studies (including the present one) that used T. molitor as a dietary ingredient could completely replace FM in Pacific white shrimp diets [20,21], and some levels of FM substitution could even increase growth and feed conversion performances [21]. This was not the case in the study by Panini et al (2017) and we propose that the negative impact on nutrient digestibility, observed in the Panini study, was either due to the absence of processing of their meal and absence of amino acid supplementation (methionine and lysine) rather than to the presence of chitin, as the authors suggested.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concerning shrimp, Cummins et al (2017) reported that a full-fat black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) meal can replace up to 25% of FM without affecting shrimp growth [19]. Similarly, previous studies on T. molitor full-fat meal-based diets that were adequately supplemented with methionine, demonstrated similar or superior nutritional value and growth performance of Pacific white shrimp compared to the FM-based diet [20,21].…”
Recently, ecological and economic issues have affected fish meal (FM) supply, the main source of protein for shrimp. This triggered a search for alternative dietary protein sources for shrimp production. We studied the consequences of replacing FM with a defatted insect meal, ŸnMealTM (YM), comprised of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Growth and immune parameters of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannanmei) were compared after an eight-week feeding trial. Shrimp were kept in aquaria with densities of 60 and 40 shrimp/m2 and fed one of five diets in which a proportion of FM was replaced by YM. All diets were isoproteic, isoenergetic, and balanced in lysine and methionine. After the feeding trial, shrimp were challenged with pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Growth and feed conversion parameters improved when YM was included in shrimp diets; with the highest weight gain and best food conversion ratio (FCR) achieved when 50% of FM was replaced by YM versus the control diet that contained no YM (initial weight: 1.60 g/shrimp; growth: 5.27 vs. 3.94 g/shrimp; FCR 1.20 vs. 1.59). In challenged shrimp, mortality rates were significantly less among groups that received YM, with a 76.9% lower mortality rate in the 50% FM replacement group versus the control.
“…Choi et al (2018) reported significant improvements in the THC when insect meal fed shrimp (50% FM replacement) were challenged with the pathogen that causes white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) [21]. Similarly, in the present study, in pre-challenged shrimps, THC showed an improvement that positively correlated with the YM dietary levels.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 72%
“…Choi et al (2018) reported similar results when replacing FM with a full-fat T.molitor meal in Pacific white shrimp diet. The authors suggested that an insect meal improves growth performance of the shrimp because it contains essential amino acids [21].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the present study, the inclusion of YM in experimental diets did not impact on the feed intake. It is interesting to note that in other nutritional studies, feed consumption was also not affected by dietary inclusion of mealworm protein [20,21].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, in a study using black soldier fly larvae ( H. illucens ), FM replacement was limited to less than 25% of a diet for rainbow trout [18]. In contrast, all studies (including the present one) that used T. molitor as a dietary ingredient could completely replace FM in Pacific white shrimp diets [20,21], and some levels of FM substitution could even increase growth and feed conversion performances [21]. This was not the case in the study by Panini et al (2017) and we propose that the negative impact on nutrient digestibility, observed in the Panini study, was either due to the absence of processing of their meal and absence of amino acid supplementation (methionine and lysine) rather than to the presence of chitin, as the authors suggested.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concerning shrimp, Cummins et al (2017) reported that a full-fat black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) meal can replace up to 25% of FM without affecting shrimp growth [19]. Similarly, previous studies on T. molitor full-fat meal-based diets that were adequately supplemented with methionine, demonstrated similar or superior nutritional value and growth performance of Pacific white shrimp compared to the FM-based diet [20,21].…”
Recently, ecological and economic issues have affected fish meal (FM) supply, the main source of protein for shrimp. This triggered a search for alternative dietary protein sources for shrimp production. We studied the consequences of replacing FM with a defatted insect meal, ŸnMealTM (YM), comprised of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Growth and immune parameters of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannanmei) were compared after an eight-week feeding trial. Shrimp were kept in aquaria with densities of 60 and 40 shrimp/m2 and fed one of five diets in which a proportion of FM was replaced by YM. All diets were isoproteic, isoenergetic, and balanced in lysine and methionine. After the feeding trial, shrimp were challenged with pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Growth and feed conversion parameters improved when YM was included in shrimp diets; with the highest weight gain and best food conversion ratio (FCR) achieved when 50% of FM was replaced by YM versus the control diet that contained no YM (initial weight: 1.60 g/shrimp; growth: 5.27 vs. 3.94 g/shrimp; FCR 1.20 vs. 1.59). In challenged shrimp, mortality rates were significantly less among groups that received YM, with a 76.9% lower mortality rate in the 50% FM replacement group versus the control.
The present study investigated the potential use of defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal as a protein source in the formulated feed for juvenile lobsters, Panulirus ornatus. A total of 160 heads of juvenile lobsters with initial weight of 0.24 ± 0.01 g and initial length of 21.77 ± 0.32 mm were distributed evenly into 16 rectangular fiberglass aquaria and kept individually for 8 weeks of the feeding experiment. Four formulated feeds containing defatted BSF meal as fishmeal replacements at 0%, 25%, 35%, and 50% and total dietary protein to energy ratio of ~ 26 g CP MJ−1 were prepared and assigned as BSF0, BSF25, BSF35, and BSF50, respectively. Fishmeal is technically a suitable aquafeed ingredient in terms of crude protein, moisture, and amino acid compositions. The partially substituted defatted BSF meal has higher crude lipid and ash content than fishmeal. At the end of week 8 of feeding trial, the specific growth rate, length increment, survival rate, and moulting rate of juvenile lobster were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the fishmeal replacement. The fishmeal replacement with the defatted BSF meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) alter the whole-body proximate composition of the juvenile lobster. However, it significantly (P < 0.05) affected the superoxidase dismutase of juvenile lobsters. The cytokine cell expression analysis indicated that up to 35% of fishmeal replacement increased the inflammatory cytokine cells (Interleukin 8 and 17) of juvenile lobster, while an adverse impact was observed on juvenile lobster receiving 50% of fishmeal replacement by BSF meal. Histopathological analysis showed that the hepatopancreas cells of juvenile lobsters were damaged following fishmeal replacement beyond 35%. The present study indicated that up to 35% of defatted BSF meal can be used as fishmeal replacement in the formulated feed of juvenile lobster.
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