&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Coxiella burnetii&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; - Pathogenic Agent of Q (Query) Fever

Dalton, Harry R.; Dreier, Jens; Rink, Gabi; Hecker, Andrea; Janetzko, Karin; Juhl, David; Bieback, Karen; Steppat, Dagmar; Görg, Siegfried; Hennig, Holger; Ziemann, Malte; Störmer, Melanie; Vollmer, Tanja; Schmidt, Michael; Geilenkeuser, Wolf-Jochen; Sireis, Walid; Seifried, Erhard; Hourfar, Kai; Chudy, M.; Kress, J.; Halbauer, J; Heiden, M.; Funk, M.; Nübling, C. Micha; Klüter, Harald; Bugert, Peter

doi:10.1159/000357107

Cited by 67 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…As a bacterium of unique merits both outside and inside hosts [ 9 ], our information regarding C. burnetii and its worldwide impact on humans and animals needs expansion. Limited studies have focused on Q fever in Egypt since becoming public health concern in 1995 [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveQ fever is a febrile illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) and is transmitted to humans from small ruminants via contaminated secreta and excreta of infected animals. This pathogen threatens public health; however, little is known regarding Q fever prevalence in humans and small ruminants. Therefore, we employed a cross-sectional design to determine the Q fever seroprevalence and the associated risk factors in small ruminants and their owners in El Minya Governorate, Egypt between August 2016 and January 2017.ResultsThe seroprevalence of C. burnetii IgG antibodies was 25.68% (28 of 109), 28.20% (11 of 39) and 25.71% (9 of 35) in sheep, goats, and humans, respectively. None of the studied variables in small ruminants differed significantly between the seropositive and seronegative animals. There was a significantly higher prevalence (P = 0.0435) and increased odds of exposure was also observed among women (odds ratio, OR = 5.43 (95% CI 1.058–27.84) when compared to men; nevertheless, no significant difference was noted between the infection rate in small ruminants and humans. This study clearly points out that Q fever may be emerging in the area which lay the foundation for early prediction and better management of possible future outbreaks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2868-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

et al. 2017

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“…The acute stage may be asymptomatic, or it is exhibited by non-specific clinical signs, such as fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and myalgia. The chronic stage is characterized by more severe pathology, such as endocarditis, hepatitis, vasculitis, and chronic fever states [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii in Cattle, Water Buffalo, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks in Luzon Island of the Philippines

et al. 2020

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Rickettsia and Coxiella burnetii are zoonotic, tick-borne pathogens that can cause febrile illnesses with or without other symptoms in humans, but may cause subclinical infections in animals. There are only a few reports on the occurrence of these pathogens in cattle and water buffalo in Southeast Asia, including the Philippines. In this study, molecular detection of Rickettsia and C. burnetii in the blood and in the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks of cattle and water buffalo from five provinces in Luzon Island of the Philippines was done. A total of 620 blood samples of cattle and water buffalo and 206 tick samples were collected and subjected to DNA extraction. After successful amplification of control genes, nested PCR was performed to detect gltA of Rickettsia and com1 of C. burnetii. No samples were positive for Rickettsia, while 10 (cattle = 7, water buffaloes = 3), or 1.6% of blood, and five, or 1.8% of tick samples, were C. burnetii-positive. Sequence analysis of the positive amplicons showed 99-100% similarity to reported C. burnetii isolates. This molecular evidence on the occurrence of C. burnetii in Philippine ruminants and cattle ticks and its zoonotic nature should prompt further investigation and surveillance to facilitate its effective control.

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“…Environmental contamination likely plays a role, as several lines of evidence suggest the bacterium is more environmentally ubiquitous than once thought [ 17 , 18 ]. Coxiella burnetii survives up to 10 months at 15 - 20 °C, > 1 month on meat in cold storage and > 40 months in skim milk at room temperature [ 21 ]. Moreover, C. burnetii can attach to dust particles, suggesting a prominent role of wind-borne dispersal [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne geographical dispersal of Q fever from livestock holdings to human communities: a systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence

2018

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BackgroundQ fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. This bacterium survives harsh conditions and attaches to dust, suggesting environmental dispersal is a risk factor for outbreaks. Spatial epidemiology studies collating evidence on Q fever geographical contamination gradients are needed, as human cases without occupational exposure are increasing worldwide.MethodsWe used a systematic literature search to assess the role of distance from ruminant holdings as a risk factor for human Q fever outbreaks. We also collated evidence for other putative drivers of C. burnetii geographical dispersal.ResultsIn all documented outbreaks, infective sheep or goats, not cattle, was the likely source. Evidence suggests a prominent role of airborne dispersal; Coxiella burnetii travels up to 18 km on gale force winds. In rural areas, highest infection risk occurs within 5 km of sources. Urban outbreaks generally occur over smaller distances, though evidence on attack rate gradients is limited. Wind speed / direction, spreading of animal products, and stocking density may all contribute to C. burnetii environmental gradients.ConclusionsQ fever environmental gradients depend on urbanization level, ruminant species, stocking density and wind speed. While more research is needed, evidence suggests that residential exclusion zones around holdings may be inadequate to contain this zoonotic disease, and should be species-specific.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3135-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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<b><i>Coxiella burnetii</i></b> - Pathogenic Agent of Q (Query) Fever

Cited by 67 publications

References 108 publications

Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

Molecular Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii in Cattle, Water Buffalo, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks in Luzon Island of the Philippines

Airborne geographical dispersal of Q fever from livestock holdings to human communities: a systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence

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