<b>Colonização da microbiota intestinal e sua influência na saúde do hospedeiro</b> - doi: 10.5102/ucs.v14i1.3629

Abstract

The intestinal microbiota has become an extremely important study source for knowledge and treatment of some pathology. Gastrointestinal tract is a sterile organ at birth, acquiring microbes immediately after child-birth. Between its functions, it can point out: immunomodulation, nutritional contribution and resistance to colonization by pathogenic bacteria. It is altered by external and internal factors such as environment, antibicotherapic, nutrition, immune system, genetics, probiotics and prebiotics. New treatments have been a promised way to combat some enteric diseases, how for example, transplanting stool, which despite being recent, it shows great results. The work aims to report the colonization of the intestinal microbiota and its influence on the health of the host. It conducted a literature narrative review with papers published between the years 1999 to 2015.

The Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Diseases

“…Autochthonous bacteria (natural resident bacteria of the GIT), prevent the non-beneficial bacteria from being adhered to the intestinal mucosa, forming a kind of barrier. The production of toxic and antimicrobial metabolites as bacteriocins, form an unfavorable environment for colonization, including the population of E. coli [6,28,29].…”

“…This system is activated through antigenic modulation allowing the identification of an invasion and the prompt immune response required. These immunological responses, coupled with the protection promoted by the resistance to colonization of non-beneficial bacteria, are essential for the reduction of health risks to the host [6,29]. Intestinal epithelial cells have receptors that recognize components of the bacterial cell wall, such as the peptidoglycan present in lactobacillus which are Gram-positive .…”

“…The maintenance of adequate homeostasis of the microbial population of the GIT is necessary to guarantee the full exercise of these functions, since, in a situation of imbalance, the loss of the immunological effects can occur, being that this condition is associated with the development of diseases autoimmune and atopic. In general, the causes of these imbalances involve factors related to diet, frequent exposure to infectious agents or toxins, ingestion of antimicrobials, or even disorders of the digestive system [29,31]. Diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and the development of allergies, can be induced from the intestinal microbiota disorder [32].…”

“…According to Hajela et al, [33], probiotics have been widely investigated in recent years because of their potential to improve digestive functions and contribute to the reduction of the effects caused by infectious and inflammatory diseases. These microorganisms act in a reciprocal way with the intestinal microbiota, preserving or restoring the homeostasis in the GIT [29,32].…”

Intestinal and immunological histological parameters of broilers supplemented with commercial probiotic or fungi of the autochthonous microbiota

“…The mechanism of action of probiotics may include production of antimicrobial substances and organic acids, and protection of the villus and absorptive surfaces (Breda et al, 2010). Probiotics can provide birds with benefits including positive changes of the intestinal microbiota, activity of the immune system, and microenvironment of the intestinal epithelium, which increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption and prevent fixation and multiplication of pathogens in the intestinal mucosa, and consequently, improve overall performance of the species (Fernandes, 2012;Paixão, 2016).…”