The intestinal microbiota has become an extremely important study source for knowledge and treatment of some pathology. Gastrointestinal tract is a sterile organ at birth, acquiring microbes immediately after child-birth. Between its functions, it can point out: immunomodulation, nutritional contribution and resistance to colonization by pathogenic bacteria. It is altered by external and internal factors such as environment, antibicotherapic, nutrition, immune system, genetics, probiotics and prebiotics. New treatments have been a promised way to combat some enteric diseases, how for example, transplanting stool, which despite being recent, it shows great results. The work aims to report the colonization of the intestinal microbiota and its influence on the health of the host. It conducted a literature narrative review with papers published between the years 1999 to 2015.
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