<a name="topo"></a>Incidência, distribuição geográfica e aspectos ambientais das áreas endêmicas da Leishmaniose Visceral em Sergipe

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the evolution of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Sergipe State, and a possible foci displacement from the Dry Land to the coast in the last decades, characterizing some environmental aspects related with the occurrence of the endemic disease. An analysis of all notifications send to the to National Health Foundation from 1972 to 1998 was performed. The 1.874 case identified were stratified by municipality, per decade and distributed in the three sub-areas of Sergipe: Dry Land, Transition Region and East (coast). The annual average incidence of LV in the decades of 70, 80 and 90 were respectively of, 1.96, 3.37 and 7.6 per inhabitants. An expansion of this disease is verified in all areas, however there is no displacement of the main foci. In areas, where the largest number of cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Sergipe State have been registered, the climate is humid, with pluviometric indexes above 1,400 mm and altitude is low.

Série temporal da leishmaniose visceral em Aracaju, estado de Sergipe, Brasil (1999 a 2008): aspectos humanos e caninos

“…The overall fatality rate in the period was 8.9% (17), which was more pronounced in individuals aged 60 to 69 years with 60% and between 50 and 59 (55.8%). In young adults (20-29 years) it was observed a high mortality rate (20%), similar to reports from other states' capitals such as Belo Horizonte (8-17%), São Luís (6.7%), Natal (9.0%) And Brasília (9.2%) 34. In the latest years, VL mortality rate in Brazil has increased gradually, from 3.2% in 1994 to 6.9% in 2005, representing an increase of 117% 29,8. Among the main factors that contribute to increase the mortality rate are late diagnosis and the epidemic expansion affecting groups of individuals with co-morbidities.…”

“…In the period from 1972 to 1998, 1874 cases were reported, while from 1999 to 2006, 433 cases of the disease were reported in the state. In this latter period, until the year 2003 there is a downward trend in the number of cases, but thereafter the incidence is rising 17,18 . Considering the importance of VL in Aracaju / SE, capital under intense process of urban expansion, it is essential to better understand the dynamics of the transmission of this parasitic infection.…”

A produção científica sobre o ambiente na saúde coletiva

“…Tendo como nível de análise o Estado, três foram citados, sendo estes: Pernambuco (Vibrio cholerae O 1 em amostras de ambientes aquáticos e de alimentos) 41 ; Sergipe (incidên-cia e distribuição espacial da leishmaniose visceral) 124 ; e Ceará (programa de capacitação em saúde e ambiente) 119 .…”

Foco emergente de leishmaniose visceral em Mato Grosso do Sul

“…O Bairro Santa Rita, situado na periferia da cidade onde ocorreram vários casos de LV, é habitado por moradores de baixa renda, desprovidos de rede de esgoto. A localidade sofreu significativo desmatamento em 2001 permitindo a observação de animais silvestres como gambás, raposas e tatus circulando pelas ruas, o que pode ser um fator de disseminação e maior circulação do parasito 7 40 .…”