Low-temperature graphene growth using epochal catalyst of PdCo alloy

Kim, Eun Sung; Shin, Hyu-Soung; Yoon, Sang Youl; Han, Gang; Chae, Seung Jin; Bae, Jung Jun; Güneş, Fethullah; Choi, Jae‐Young; Lee, Young Hee

doi:10.1063/1.3665616

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In principle, this approach could be extended to other metal alloys with the objective of finding a substrate with better CTE matching with graphene than Cu, and lower vapor pressure at the growth T. Another widely studied alloy is Ni-Cu in order to take advantage of the low solubility of C in Cu, the higher catalytic activity of Ni and the nonlinear behavior of C solubility on Ni concentration in Cu 1−x Ni x [857]. Additionally, some of the metal alloys could be much better catalysts than Cu, enabling growth at much lower T [877,878]. Refs.…”

Section: V17 Cvd Growth Of Graphene On Metal Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and processing of graphene and related materials

et al. 2020

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We present an overview of the main techniques for production and processing of graphene and related materials (GRMs), as well as the key characterization procedures. We adopt a ‘hands-on’ approach, providing practical details and procedures as derived from literature as well as from the authors’ experience, in order to enable the reader to reproduce the results. Section is devoted to ‘bottom up’ approaches, whereby individual constituents are pieced together into more complex structures. We consider graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) produced either by solution processing or by on-surface synthesis in ultra high vacuum (UHV), as well carbon nanomembranes (CNM). Production of a variety of GNRs with tailored band gaps and edge shapes is now possible. CNMs can be tuned in terms of porosity, crystallinity and electronic behaviour. Section covers ‘top down’ techniques. These rely on breaking down of a layered precursor, in the graphene case usually natural crystals like graphite or artificially synthesized materials, such as highly oriented pyrolythic graphite, monolayers or few layers (FL) flakes. The main focus of this section is on various exfoliation techniques in a liquid media, either intercalation or liquid phase exfoliation (LPE). The choice of precursor, exfoliation method, medium as well as the control of parameters such as time or temperature are crucial. A definite choice of parameters and conditions yields a particular material with specific properties that makes it more suitable for a targeted application. We cover protocols for the graphitic precursors to graphene oxide (GO). This is an important material for a range of applications in biomedicine, energy storage, nanocomposites, etc. Hummers’ and modified Hummers’ methods are used to make GO that subsequently can be reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with a variety of strategies. GO flakes are also employed to prepare three-dimensional (3d) low density structures, such as sponges, foams, hydro- or aerogels. The assembly of flakes into 3d structures can provide improved mechanical properties. Aerogels with a highly open structure, with interconnected hierarchical pores, can enhance the accessibility to the whole surface area, as relevant for a number of applications, such as energy storage. The main recipes to yield graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are also discussed. GICs are suitable precursors for covalent functionalization of graphene, but can also be used for the synthesis of uncharged graphene in solution. Degradation of the molecules intercalated in GICs can be triggered by high temperature treatment or microwave irradiation, creating a gas pressure surge in graphite and exfoliation. Electrochemical exfoliation by applying a voltage in an electrolyte to a graphite electrode can be tuned by varying precursors, electrolytes and potential. Graphite electrodes can be either negatively or positively intercalated to obtain GICs that are subsequently exfoliated. We also discuss the materials that can be amenable to exfoliation, by ...

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Section: V17 Cvd Growth Of Graphene On Metal Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and processing of graphene and related materials

et al. 2020

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“…However, Co has surface catalytic properties. 26,27 This will be in favor of a direct surfacecatalyzed growth of graphene on Co. According to the above discussion, there is an intense dispute about the growth mechanism for graphene on catalyst metal and the growth mechanism of graphene on Co should be revealed clearly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A growth mechanism for graphene deposited on polycrystalline Co film by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

et al. 2013

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“…Few-layer graphene films were formed on Pd-Co alloy catalyst at a temperature as low as 400°C ( Fig. 4d) [75]. Owing to the reduction of the density of states (DOS) in d-electron at the Fermi level, the alloy of Pd and other metals (Co, Ni, Cr) revealed better catalytic performance than the pure Pd [76,77].…”

Section: The Composition Design Of Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%