The effect of ion irradiation on the formation of luminescent Si nanocrystals from silicon-rich silicon oxide ͑SRSO͒ films deposited by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition ͑PECVD͒ whose Si content ranged from 33 to 50 at. % is investigated. As-deposited SRSO films contained a high density of irregular-shaped Si nanocrystals. Irradiating these films with 380 keV Si at room temperature to a dose of 5.7ϫ10 15 cm Ϫ2 prior to anneal at 1000°C is found to increase the luminescence intensity due to Si nanocrystals over the films. Based on the x-ray photoemission spectra and the dependence of the luminescence intensity on the irradiating ion dose, anneal time, and the silicon content of the film, we propose the destruction of pre-existing Si clusters by ion irradiation to be an important factor responsible for the observed enhancement of luminescence, and suggest that preanneal irradiation may be a viable method to control the formation of luminescent Si nanocrystals in PECVD-deposited silicon-rich silicon oxide.