Low-pressure indium-halide discharges for fluorescent illumination applications

Hayashi, Daijuro; Hilbig, R.; Körber, Achim; Schwan, S.; Schöll, Roland; Boerger, Martin; Huppertz, Maria

doi:10.1063/1.3318252

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…If the emission from the indium lines and the InBr band is added up, an efficiency of η InBr,In = 10.0% is achieved. This value is by a factor of 4 lower than the values obtained in [2], but it should be noted that the present investigations are dedicated to demonstrate the applicability of the diagnostic methods and not to maximize the efficiency of the generated radiation output.…”

Section: Radial Discharge Emission and Efficiencycontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Using InBr, the near-ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the A 3 0 + → X 1 + and B 3 1 → X 1 + transitions (both located between 350 and 400 nm) and the intense indium lines at 410.2 and 451.1 nm can be utilized for general lighting purposes by applying a phosphor film as a converter to visible light. Investigations in capacitively coupled plasmas operated at very low discharge power already proved that high overall efficiencies of more than 40% can be achieved [2]. However, no attempt has been made so far to understand the underlying physical processes and limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostics of low-pressure discharges containing InBr studied for lighting applications

Briefi¹,

Fantz²

2013

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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The utilization of InBr in low-pressure rare-gas plasmas for lighting applications may serve as an efficient alternative to hazardous mercury, which is used in common fluorescent lamps as a radiator. In order to perform systematic investigations of these discharges, diagnostic methods are required to gain insight into the relevant plasma parameters. This goal can be achieved by using white light absorption and optical emission spectroscopy supported by an extended corona model of the indium atom and a simulation of the relative intensity of the InBr emission. The set of diagnostic methods is exemplarily applied to measurements on an inductively coupled argon discharge at 100 W power with varying InBr content. The plasma parameters are derived and the processes determining their changes with varying InBr density are identified. Increasing the InBr density results in a decrease in T e but an increase in n e , which can be explained by considering the ionization and power balance. The relevant population processes for the rovibrational states of InBr are inelastic collisions with heavy particles with an increasing importance of electron impact excitation at a higher InBr density. The radiated power is maximal at a cold spot temperature between 210 and 220 • C as reabsorption occurs at a high InBr density.

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Section: Radial Discharge Emission and Efficiencycontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics of low-pressure discharges containing InBr studied for lighting applications

Briefi¹,

Fantz²

2013

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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“…Some of the suggested molecules are already used as additives in common high pressure lamps to achieve a higher colour rendering index [7]. The performance of low pressure discharges containing indium halides (InCl, InBr and InI) has been investigated recently [8,9]. The most intense emission bands of their molecular spectrum are in the near UV range (330 -420 nm) which makes the conversion into visible light by a phosphor more efficient compared to mercury in fluorescent lamps due to the lower Stokes shift.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the A–X and B–X transition emission spectra of the InBr molecule for diagnostics in low-pressure plasmas

Briefi¹,

Fantz²

2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Inductively coupled low pressure discharges containing InBr have been investigated spectroscopically. In order to obtain plasma parameters such as the vibrational and rotational temperature of the InBr molecule, the emission spectra of the A 3 Π 0 + → X 1 Σ + 0 and the B 3 Π 1 → X 1 Σ + 0 transitions have been simulated. The program is based on the molecular constants and takes into account vibrational states up to v = 24. The required Franck-Condon factors and vibrationally resolved transition probabilities have been computed solving the Schrödinger equation using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The ground state density of the InBr molecule in the plasma has been determined from absorption spectra using effective transition probabilities for the A − X and B − X transition according to the vibrational population. The obtained densities agree well with densities derived from an Arrhenius type vapour pressure equation.

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“…Investigations of InBr, InCl and InI already proved the high efficiency of such a kind of discharge lamp [2]. However, in order to maximize the near UV radiation systematically, the population mechanisms of the molecular states involved in the desired transitions have to be investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the A–X and B–X transition emission spectra of the InCl molecule in low pressure plasmas

Briefi

Fantz

2014

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

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Low pressure plasmas containing indium halides as radiators are discussed for lighting applications as efficient alternative to mercury-containing fluorescent lamps. To gain insight in plasma parameters like the vibrational and rotational temperature of the molecule, the near UV emission spectra of the indium halides arising from the A 3 Π 0 + → X 1 Σ + and the B 3 Π 1 → X 1 Σ + transitions are simulated. Such a simulation requires Franck-Condon factors and vibrationally resolved transition probabilities which are not available in the literature for InCl. Therefore, they have been calculated by solving the Schrödinger equation using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The values of the Franck-Condon factors and the transition probabilities are presented. For the A − X transition a good match of the simulated and measured spectra could be achieved but for the B − X transition neither the relative intensity nor the wavelength could be reproduced. This indicates that for the B state the values of the molecular constants, the potential curve and/or the electronic dipole transition moment of the B − X transition are inaccurate. Despite this mismatch the rotational and vibrational temperatures of the molecule can still be determined using the A − X transition.

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Low-pressure indium-halide discharges for fluorescent illumination applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Diagnostics of low-pressure discharges containing InBr studied for lighting applications

Diagnostics of low-pressure discharges containing InBr studied for lighting applications

Simulation of the A–X and B–X transition emission spectra of the InBr molecule for diagnostics in low-pressure plasmas

Simulation of the A–X and B–X transition emission spectra of the InCl molecule in low pressure plasmas

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