Low-Power Low-Voltage Current Readout Circuit for Inductively Powered Implant System

Abstract

Low voltage and low power are two key requirements for on-chip realization of wireless power and data telemetry for applications in biomedical sensor instrumentation. Batteryless operation and wireless telemetry facilitate robust, reliable, and longer lifetime of the implant unit. As an ongoing research work, this paper demonstrates a low-power low-voltage sensor readout circuit which could be easily powered up with an inductive link. This paper presents two versions of readout circuits that have been designed and fabricated in bulk complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Either version can detect a sensor current in the range of 0.2 μA to 2 μA and generate square-wave data signal whose frequency is proportional to the sensor current. The first version of the circuit is fabricated in a 0.35-μ m CMOS process and it can generate an amplitude-shift-keying (ASK) signal while consuming 400 μ W of power with a 1.5-V power supply. Measurement results indicate that the ASK chip generates 76 Hz to 500 Hz frequency of a square-wave data signal for the specified sensor current range. The second version of the readout circuit is fabricated in a 0.5-μ m CMOS process and produces a frequency-shift-keying (FSK) signal while consuming 1.675 mW of power with a 2.5-V power supply. The generated data frequency from the FSK chip is 1 kHz and 9 kHz for the lowest and the highest sensor currents, respectively. Measurement results confirm the functionalities of both prototype schemes. The prototype circuit has potential applications in the monitoring of blood glucose level, lactate in the bloodstream, and pH or oxygen in a physiological system/environment.

Full Fabrication and Packaging of an Implantable Multi-Panel Device for Monitoring of Metabolites in Small Animals

“…However the comparison with our system is not so straightforward, because some works focus on different applications [9], [10], some works do not target any specific applications [11], [12], other works present measurements of a single metabolite [13], or have batteries [14].…”

Sub-mW reconfigurable interface IC for electrochemical sensing

“…Low power interface ICs for glucose and neurotransmitters detection through CA were presented in [4][5][6][7]. Interface ICs for CV, instead, include only the sensor readout, while using external waveform generators for the sensor control [8][9][10][11][12] .…”

A configurable IC to contol, readout, and calibrate an array of biosensors

“…CA and CV measure a current out of a terminal (WE or CE) when a fixed or variable voltage is applied to the other two, respectively. Many works have been done to integrate the CA readout electronics for implantable three electrode based biosensors [4][5][6]. In [7] a CV readout IC with 9-bit resolution is presented.…”