Low Plasma Hdl Cholesterol and Elevated C Reactive Protein further Increase Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes

Calle, Mariana C.; Vega‐López, Sonia; Segura-Pérez, Sofi a; Volek, Jeff S.; Pérez‐Escamilla, Rafael; Fernández, María Luz

doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000109

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Diabetes is one of the most important public health challenges for the 21 st century [42]. Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk for a number of serious and sometimes life-threatening diseases like cardiovascular disease [43,44], peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease [45,46]. The high blood sugar level produces some of the symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger) [47].…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis

Siddiqui¹

2012

J Diabetes Metab

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Tuberculosis is a lethal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Mycobacterium initially infects lungs. If the infection spreads beyond the lungs, the symptoms will depend upon the individual organs. Diabetes is a type of metabolic disease in which a person has increased blood sugar level. It's because the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells inside the body do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Diabetics have a three to five time's higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) than those without diabetes disease. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for tuberculosis and may affect disease treatment and also the response. Additionally tuberculosis may induce glucose intolerance and worsen the glycaemic control in people with diabetes. The main aim of this Review is to evaluate the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis disease, the effect of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis and vice versa.  When the immune system of a patient with dormant TB is weakened, the TB can become active (reactivate) and cause infection in lungs or any other parts of the body. The risk factors for acquiring TB include close-contact situations, alcohol, drug abuse and certain diseases (examples include diabetes, cancer, and HIV) and occupations (for example, health-care workers). The common signs and symptoms of TB include fatigue, fever, weight loss, coughing, and night sweats. The diagnosis of TB involves skin tests, chest X-rays, sputum analysis (smear and culture), and PCR tests to detect the genetic material of the causative bacteria or causative agent [12]. Inactive tuberculosis may be treated with an isoniazid (INH), antibiotic, in order to prevent the TB infection from becoming active. Active TB is usually treated, successfully, with INH in combination with one or more of several drugs, including rifampin (Rifadin), ethambutol (Myambutol), pyrazinamide, and streptomycin [13].

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Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis

Siddiqui¹

2012

J Diabetes Metab

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“…A previous report from analyses conducted in a subset of study participants suggested that individuals who have normal HDL cholesterol concentrations may be at lower cardiovascular risk by having a less atherogenic distribution of LDL and HDL particles. 43 It has been well established that plasma triglyceride concentration is a cardiovascular disease risk factor independent from HDL-and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. 44 Mean triglyceride concentrations in the current study were slightly over the 150 mg/ dL criterion to be considered as a component of the MetS.…”

Section: Unstandardized Linear Regression Coefficients From Models Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Triglyceride Screening May Improve Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Assessment in Latinos with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes

Vega‐López¹,

Calle²,

Fernández³

et al. 2013

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To characterize metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence and cardiometabolic risk, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plasma lipids, blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference were measured in 211 Latino adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants were obese (BMI=33.7±7.8 kg/m2) and had poor glycemic control (HbA1c=9.6±1.8 %; FPG=190±85 mg/dL), but normal LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations (98±38 mg/dL, and 52±14 mg/dL, respectively). Relative to the lowest, participants in the highest quintile of plasma triglycierides had higher total cholesterol (23%; p<.0001), FPG (47%; p<.0001), systolic blood pressure (3%; p<.05) and diastolic blood pressure (6%; p<.05), and lower HDL cholesterol (23%; p<.01). Comparable relationships were observed in an age-adjusted regression model. Framingham risk was equivalent to 9.4±6.4% and 12.2±9.6% 10-year CHD risk in men and women, respectively (p<.05). Cardiometabolic risk in this population is associated with a high prevalence of the MetS despite the relatively low cholesterol concentrations. Triglyceride screening may help identify individuals at higher risk.

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“…Clinical and epidemiologic data have uniformly shown that diabetic patients have more severe atherosclerosis and a higher risk of ischemic heart disease and other arterial disease [61]. Low plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is consistently associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic disease [62].…”

Section: Diabetic Neuropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Stage Complications of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance

Soumya¹,

Srilatha²

2011

J Diabetes Metab

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Diabetes mellitus is considered one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder or a chronic condition where the sugar levels in blood are high. Diabetes is associated with long-term complications that affect almost every part of the body and often leads to blindness, heart and blood vessel disease, stroke, kidney failure, amputations, and nerve damage. Also it is associated with significantly accelerated rates of several debilitating microvascular complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, and macrovascular complications such as atherosclerosis and stroke. In the present article it has been discussed about the resistance of insulin and its consequences in diabetic patients. Insulin resistance results in various disorders. Metabolic syndrome is predicted to become a major public health problem in many developed, as well as developing countries. J ou rna l o f D ia be tes & M e ta bolism

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Low Plasma Hdl Cholesterol and Elevated C Reactive Protein further Increase Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis

Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis

Triglyceride Screening May Improve Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Assessment in Latinos with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes

Late Stage Complications of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance

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