Low-
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 Pair Production in 
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Adam, J.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, J. R.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, D. M.; Aoyama, R.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Ashraf, M. U.; Atetalla, F. G.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bai, Xiaozhi; Bairathi, V.; Barish, K. N.; Bassill, A. J.; Behera, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Brown, D. S.; Bryslawskyj, J.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J. M.; Caines, H.; Sánchez, M. Calderón De La Barca; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, F-H.; Chang, Z.; Chankova-Bunzarova, N.; Chatterjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Chen, X.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deppner, I. M.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Elsey, N.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Esumi, S.; Evdokimov, O.; Ewigleben, J.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Federicova, P.; Fedorišin, J.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C.; Fulek, Ł.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Galatyuk, T.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Harlenderova, A.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Herrmann, N.; Hirsch, A.; Holub, L.; Horvat, S.; Huang, X.; Huang, B.; Huang, S.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, T.; Humanic, T. J.; Huo, P.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jentsch, A.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Jowzaee, S.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kapukchyan, D.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kim, C.; Kinghorn, T. A.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Klein, S. R.; Kochenda, L.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kramárik, L.; Krauth, L.; Кравцов, П.; Krueger, K.; Kulathunga, N.; Kumar, S.; Kumar, L.; Kvapil, J.; Kwasizur, J. H.; Lacey, R.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednický, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Li, C.; Li, W.; Li, Y.; Liang, Y.; Lidrych, J.; Lin, Tongyan; Lipiec, A.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Liu, P.; Liu, H.; Liu, Y.; Ljubičić, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, Xuan; Luo, S.; L., G.; G., Y.; Ma, L.; Ma, Ruiting; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Mallick, D.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; Matonoha, O.; Mayes, David G.; Mazer, J.; Meehan, K.; Mei, Jincheng; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Mooney, I.; Морозов, Д. А.; Nasim, Md.; Negrete, J. D.; Nelson, J. M.; Nemes, D. B.; Nie, M.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Nonaka, T.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Oh, S. K.; Okorokov, V.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pluta, J.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycień, M.; Putschke, J.; Quintero, A.; Radhakrishnan, S. K.; Ramachandran, S.; Ray, R. L.; Reed, R.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Ruan, L.; Rusňák, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N.; Sahu, P. K.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Schambach, J.; Schmah, A.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Schweid, B. R.; Seck, F.; Seger, J.; Sergeeva, M.; Seto, R.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Shen, W. Q.; Shen, F.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Siejka, S.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singha, S.; Smirnov, N.; Smirnov, D.; Solyst, W.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stewart, David J.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Sugiura, T.; Šumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, Y.; Sun, X. M.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Szymański, P.; Tang, Z.; Tang, A. H.; Taranenko, A.; Tarnowsky, T.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Tomkiel, C. A.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Tsai, O. D.; Tu, B.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Buren, G. Van; Vaněk, J.; Vasiliev, A.; Vassiliev, I.; Videbæk, F.; Vokál, S.; Voloshin, S.; Vossen, A.; Wang, G.; Wang, Y.; Wang, F.; Wang, Y.; Webb, J. C.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, Xiao; Xie, G.; Xie, W.; Xu, Qingnian; Xu, Z.; Xu, Jing; Xu, Y.; Xu, N.; Yang, S.; Yang, C. G.; Yang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Ye, Z.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I. K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, J.; Chen, Zhong; Zhou, C.; Liu, Zhou; Zhu, Z. H.; Zhu, X.; Zyzak, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.132301

Cited by 72 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Indications for dilepton production via photon-photon interactions in hadronic heavy-ion collisions were reported at RHIC and the LHC. The STAR collaboration found an excess with respect to the hadronic expectation of low-p T,ee dielectrons in Au-Au and U-U collisions, which is compatible with calculations for coherent photo-production [1][2][3]6] and which cannot be linked to hadronic sources [7]. The ATLAS collaboration observes photoproduced dimuons in Pb-Pb collisions, which exhibit a centrality dependent broadening effect of their angular pair correlations that seems not to be present in UPC [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Dielectron production at low transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $ TeV with ALICE

Lehner¹

2019

Proceedings of 7th Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics — PoS(LHCP2019)

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Dielectrons probe a wide range of phenomena in heavy-ion collisions. These include lightand heavy-flavour meson production, thermal radiation and coherent photo-production. The latter process is distinguished by dielectron production at low transverse-pair momentum (p T,ee ). Transverse momentum spectra of dielectrons in central and peripheral Pb-Pb collisions are extracted and compared to the corresponding expectations. In central collisions the data fit the expected spectrum, which is dominated by semi-leptonic decays of correlated heavy-flavour hadrons. In peripheral collisions, the data exhibit an excess at low p T,ee with respect to hadronic and thermal sources. The observed excess yield is compatible with calculations for dielectron production from coherent photon-photon interactions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Dielectron production at low transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $ TeV with ALICE

Lehner¹

2019

Proceedings of 7th Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics — PoS(LHCP2019)

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“…However, as shown in [318], a vortical net-baryon current, may lead to a similar splitting. In addition, recent STAR measurements on the dielectron production at very low transverse momentum and low mass regime at RHIC [319], the difference in the directed flow v 1 for charmed-hadron D 0 and D 0 [320] at RHIC as well as the large v 2 of J/Ψ at high transverse momentum at LHC [321] might provide independent evidence for the strong magnetic fields that may persist long enough to affect observables in such collisions. We now turn to the measurements related to the anomalous chiral effects driven by the magnetic field.…”

Section: Chiralitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the phases of quantum chromodynamics with beam energy scan

et al. 2020

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We review the present status of the search for a phase transition and critical point as well as anomalous transport phenomena in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), with an emphasis on the Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We present the conceptual framework and discuss the observables deemed most sensitive to a phase transition, QCD critical point, and anomalous transport, focusing on fluctuation and correlation measurements. Selected experimental results for these observables together with those characterizing the global properties of the systems created in heavy ion collisions are presented. We then discuss what can be already learned from the currently available data about the QCD critical point and anomalous transport as well as what additional measurements and theoretical developments are needed in order to discover these phenomena.

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“…It is not surprising to find that they are identical to each other in this approximation, just like the relation established between the dipole amplitude and the polarized gluon distributions [3,[28][29][30]. In the present paper, we propose to test this theoretical predication by measuring cos 2φ and cos 4φ asymmetries in di-lepton production induced by the linearly polarized photon distribution.Recently, the STAR collaboration at RHIC [27] and the ATLAS collaboration [26] at LHC have carried out the measurements of transverse momentum spectra of lepton pairs for various invariant mass regions with high precision. The significant q ⊥ (total transverse momentum of lepton pair) broadening effect found in hadronic heavy-ion collisions in comparison to those in UPCs has stimulated a lot of theoretical progress [20][21][22][23][24], as the transverse momentum broadening effect plays a crucial role in understanding the properties of the hot medium created in heavy-ion collisions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the linear polarization of photons in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions

Liu

Zhou

2019

Physics Letters B

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We propose to measure the linear polarization of the external electromagnetic fields of a relativistic heavy ion through azimuthal asymmetries in dilepton production in ultraperipheral collisions. The asymmetries estimated with the equivalent photon approximation are shown to be sizable.PACS numbers: I. INTRODUCTIONTransverse momentum dependent(TMD) parton distribution function [1] is one of the most powerful theoretical tools that are utilized to explore the three-dimensional imaging of nuleon/nuclei. Among many TMD parton distributions, the linearly polarized gluon distribution [2] has received growing attentions in recent years. It describes the correlation between gluon transverse momentum and its polarization vector inside an unpolarized nucleon or nucleus. It is of particular interest to study linearly polarized gluon distribution at small x [3, 4], as it is predicted to grow equally rapidly towards small x as compared to the unpolarized gluon distribution in the dilute limit. In the saturation limit, the dipole type linearly polarized gluon distribution and the dipole type unpolarized gluon distribution remain identical, whereas the linearly polarization of Weizsäcker-Williams gluons is suppressed. Though it has been found promising to probe the linearly polarized gluon distribution by measuring cos 2φ azimuthal asymmetry for two particle production in various high energy scattering processes at RHIC, LHC, or a future Electron-Ion Collider(EIC) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], this gluon distribution so far has not yet been studied experimentally.In analogy to the QCD case, one also can define a linearly polarized photon distribution for an unpolarized nucleon or nuclei target, which can be accessed by measuring the azimuthal asymmetries in di-lepton production in hadronhadron collisions [8]. However, it is not very practical to extract the polarized photon distribution in hadronic reactions due to the di-lepton Drell-Yan production background. Instead, the cleaner and more promising way to probe the linearly polarization of photons would be the purely electromagnetic two photon reaction γγ → l + l − in heavy-ion ultra-peripheral collisions(UPCs) where the hadronic background is absent. Though photon-photon collisions in the UPC case has been extensively studied [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], to the best of our knowledge, the polarization dependent effects have not yet been addressed so far. Both the unpolarized photon distribution and the polarized one in the UPC case can be determined using the external classical field approximation [14,15]. It is not surprising to find that they are identical to each other in this approximation, just like the relation established between the dipole amplitude and the polarized gluon distributions [3,[28][29][30]. In the present paper, we propose to test this theoretical predication by measuring cos 2φ and cos 4φ asymmetries in di-lepton production induced by the linearly polarized photon distribution.Recently, the STAR collaboration at RH...

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Low- pT e+e− Pair Production in Au+

Cited by 72 publications

References 99 publications

Dielectron production at low transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $ TeV with ALICE

Dielectron production at low transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $ TeV with ALICE

Mapping the phases of quantum chromodynamics with beam energy scan

Probing the linear polarization of photons in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions

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