Low-Level Laser Therapy in Russia: History, Science and Practice

Abstract

In Russia (formerly USSR) study of biomodulation action (BMA) mechanisms of lowintensity laser irradiation (LILI) began in 1964, immediately after the development of lasers. During the period from 1965 to 1972 several dozens of scientific conferences were held, hundreds of studies were published. Generally, secondary mechanisms and results of LILI effect on patients with various diseases were studied. This data was immediately implemented into practical medicine in the fields of oncology, surgery, dermatology and dentistry, and since 1974 low level laser therapy (LLLT) is included in the standard of state medical care. For 50 years no less than 1000 books were published (monographs, collections, methodical and clinical materials), thousands of researches were carried out. Primary mechanism and patterns of interaction of LILI with acceptors within cells can be represented in the following order: absorption of photon's energy -emergence of a local temperature gradient -release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores -stimulating Ca 2+ -dependent processes. Understanding of this process allowed the explanation of all known secondary effects, optimized methods and extremely increased effectiveness of LLLT. Owing to the knowledge of BMA mechanisms of LILI, numerous associated and combined LLLT techniques were developed and are widely used nowadays: locally, on the projection of internal organs, laser acupuncture, reflexology, intracavitary, transdermal and intravenous laser blood illumination, magnetic-laser therapy, laser phoresis, laser-vacuum massage, biomodulation, etc. About 400 000 laser therapeutic devices are used in Russian practical healthcare. Unique, having no analogues in the world devices, are produced -red pulsed laser diodes (wavelength 635 nm, power 5-40 W, pulse duration 100 ns, frequency 10 000 Hz) are designed specially for effective laser therapy.

Near infrared low‐level laser therapy and cell proliferation: The emerging role of redox sensitive signal transduction pathways

“…LLLT is defined as a drug-free, noninvasive and safe form of light therapy based on nonionizing radiation inducing nonthermal responses involving endogenous chromophores, finally resulting in photophysical and photochemical biological events [8,10,15,[21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…The key hallmarks of laser light are represented by monochromaticity (it is composed of only one color or wavelenght), coherence (all light waves are spatially and temporally in phase) and collimation (all light rays are parallel and do not significantly diverge one from the other even over long distances). These properties are all essential in the choice of the laser source according to the target tissue .…”

The commonest therapeutic methods for laser irradiation of blood

“…(см. рисунок) [4,5,26,27]. Обращаем внимание на то, что все лазер-индуцированные биоэффекты Са 2+ -зависимые, что объясняет неспецифичность и многогранность ответных реакций живого организма.…”

Only lasers can be used for low level laser therapy

“…Low level laser therapy–a method of treatment which appeared in the late 1960’s in countries in Eastern Europe, followed by a significant development in Russia [ 11 , 12 ], and is now continuing to gain recognition around the world. The results of numerous studies of the laws of biomodulating action (BMA) of low-intensity laser illumination (LILI), carried out on animals, and their treatment regimens formed the basis of the method, widely used both in veterinary medicine and medicine: urology, neurology, dentistry, pediatrics, otorhinolaryngology, gynecology, etc.…”