Low Frequency Stimulation Reverses the Kindling-Induced Impairment of Learning and Memory in the Rat Passive-avoidance Test

Esmaeilpour, Khadijeh; Sheibani, Vahid; Shabani, Mohammad; Mirnajafi‐Zadeh, Javad; Akbarnejad, Zeinab

doi:10.29252/nirp.bcn.9.1.51

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Several studies suggested that electrical brain stimulation reduces seizure frequency in epileptic patients and animal models (Jalilifar et al, 2017;Asgari et al, 2014;Cuellar-Herrera et al, 2010;Esmaeilpour, Sheibani, Shabani, Mirnajafi-Zadeh, & Akbarnejad, 2018); however, there is a lack of an appropriate study about the effectiveness of combined therapy of antiepileptic drugs with LFS; thus, future studies are required to examine it (Asgari et al, 2014;Cuellar-Herrera et al, 2010). The ar-chived results reported the effects of LFS combined with sodium valproate on behaviors during rapid kindling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effects of Sodium Valproate Combined With Low Frequency Electrical Stimulations On Seizure Severity and Behaviors During CA1 Hippocampal Kindling in Adult Male Rat

Zalkhani

Moazedi

Ghotbeddin

et al. 2018

Basic Clin. Neurosci. J.

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Consuming antidepressant medications induce several problems leading to the need for alternative agents for emotional disturbances. Antidepressant medications increase the seizure risk; thus, alternative treatments, like Antiepileptic Drugs (AED), might be useful for patients with epilepsy comorbid with a psychiatric disorder. The present study evaluated the behavioral effects of sodium valproate, a none effective dose in seizure treatment [100 mg/kg; Intraperitoneal (IP)] along with the application of Low-Frequency Stimulations (LFS) during CA1 hippocampal kindling. Methods: In total, 42 male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including control group with intact animals handled daily (I); sham group which was subjected to the surgical process, but received no real stimulation (II); saline-kindled Kindled group (S.kindled) which were stimulated daily with the following protocol: 3 strain of 50Hz monophasic pulses of 1ms duration applied 12 times a day with the threshold intensity at intervals of 10 minutes where saline was administrated 15 min before kindling stimulations (III); saline-kindled-LFS group (K4LFS) in which saline was injected 15 min before kindling stimulations and LFS was applied daily after the termination of kindling stimulation (IV); drug-kindle group (Drug100.kindled) that underwent rapid kindling procedure daily where sodium valproate (100 mg/kg) was administrated 15 min before kindling stimulations(V), and drug-kindled-LFS (Drug100.kindled.4LFS) group in which drug and LFS were administrated respectively before and after kindling stimulations (VI). The behavioral tests were assessed using elevated plus maze, open field, and forced swim tests. Results: The combination of sodium valproate (100 mg/kg) and LFS significantly decreased cumulative seizure severity compared with the kindle group. Thus, it provided a strong seizure suppressing effect. Additionally, sodium valproate and LFS increased the percentage of Open Arms (OAs) entries and the OAs exploration; they also decreased jumping from elevated plus maze test and rearing in open field test. Furthermore, there was no significant change in the OAs entries and OAs exploration percentages, jumping from apparatus, and rearing in open field in Drug100. Kindled, K4LFS, and Drug100.kindled.LFS groups, compared with the sham group. There was no significant difference in the latency to first immobility and the duration of immobility in K4LFS groups compared with the S. kindled group. In the drug-kindled group, the latency to first immobility significantly increased, and the duration of immobility decreased, compared with the S. kindled group. Besides, the latency to first immobility significantly increased, and the duration of immobility decreased in drug-kindled-LFS, compared to S. kindled group; however, the latency to first immobility was not significantly changed, compared to drug-kindled groups. Conclusion: Sodium valproate and LFS can modulate the function of the brain regions involved in emotional processing in epilepsy, as well as anx...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effects of Sodium Valproate Combined With Low Frequency Electrical Stimulations On Seizure Severity and Behaviors During CA1 Hippocampal Kindling in Adult Male Rat

Zalkhani

Moazedi

Ghotbeddin

et al. 2018

Basic Clin. Neurosci. J.

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“…To examine the LTM, twenty-four hours after the training session, the animal was placed in the clear compartment and after a few seconds the guillotine door was opened and the animal was allowed to enter the insecure compartment; the time it takes for the animal to enter the dark compartment was recorded and the test was terminated. The latency of the entrance to the dark compartment after 24 hours is a criterion for an animal's LTM (17). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training with and Without Caloric Restriction on Spatial Learning and Long-Term Memory of Obese Rats

Karampour

Ravasi

Choobineh

2019

Middle East J Rehabil Health Stud

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Background: Increasing fat mass in the body reduces long-term memory (LTM) and spatial learning (SL). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with and without caloric restriction (CR) on SL and LTM of obese rats. Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. After confirmation of obesity, they were divided into four groups of 10 subjects, including (1) training (T), (2) training + caloric restriction (T+CR), (3) CR, and (4) obese control (OC). Also, to assess the effect of obesity on the research variables, 10 rats were considered the standard control (SC) group. For 8 weeks, the rats in groups 1 and 2 performed HIIT three times per week at an intensity of 80% to 95% of Vo2max, and groups 2 and 3 received CR of 60%.

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“…Some studies have been performed on the molecular mechanisms through which the influence of ELF-EMFs on the biologic mechanisms within the body. It has been demonstrated that ELF-EMFs can modulate oxidative stress (Cichoń, Bijak et al 2017, Esmaeilpour, Sheibani et al 2018. Changing the balance between ROS generation and exclusion has been shown to play a critical function in neurodegenerative diseases (Soleimani, Golab et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats

Faraji

Salehi

Alizadeh

et al. 2021

BCN

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Background: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have gathered significant consideration for their possible pathogenicity. However, their effects on nervous system functions were not fully clarified. In this study, our aim was to assay the effect of ELF-EMFs with different intensity on memory, anxiety, antioxidant activity, beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition and microglia population in rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty male adult rats were randomly separated into 5 groups; four groups exposed to a flux density of 1, 100, 500 and 2000 microtesla (µT), 50 Hertz (Hz) frequency for 1h/day for 2 months and one group as a control group. The control group were without ELF-EMF stimulation. After 8 weeks, passive avoidance and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests was performed to assess memory formation and anxiety-like behavior, respectively. Total free thiol groups and the index of lipid peroxidation were assessed. Also, for detection of β-Amyloid deposition and stained microglia in the brain, anti-β-amyloid and anti-Iba1 antibodies were used. Results: In the ELF-EMF exposure groups, the step-through latency was significantly greater in the retention test (100,500, and 2000 µT) than in the control group (P<0.05). Also, the percentage of the entries into the open arms in ELF-EMF exposure groups (especially 2000 µT) decreased than control group (P <0.05). No β-Amyloid depositions were detected in the hippocampus of different groups. An increase in microglia numbers in the 100, 500 and 2000 µT groups was observed in compare to the control and 1 µT group. Conclusion: Exposure to ELF-EMF had an anxiogenic effect on rats and promoted memory and also induced oxidative stress. No β-Amyloid depositions were detected in the brain. Also, positive effect of ELF-EMF was observed on population of microglia population in the brain.

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Low Frequency Stimulation Reverses the Kindling-Induced Impairment of Learning and Memory in the Rat Passive-avoidance Test

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Therapeutic Effects of Sodium Valproate Combined With Low Frequency Electrical Stimulations On Seizure Severity and Behaviors During CA1 Hippocampal Kindling in Adult Male Rat

Therapeutic Effects of Sodium Valproate Combined With Low Frequency Electrical Stimulations On Seizure Severity and Behaviors During CA1 Hippocampal Kindling in Adult Male Rat

The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training with and Without Caloric Restriction on Spatial Learning and Long-Term Memory of Obese Rats

Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats

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