Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats

Faraji, Nafiseh; Salehi, Iraj; Alizadeh, Akram; Pourgholaminejad, Arash; Komaki‬, Alireza; Azandaryani, Masoumeh Taheri; Sadeghian, Reihaneh; Golipoor, Zoleikha

doi:10.32598/bcn.2021.1204.2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Serotonin in the hippocampus is involved in anxiety-like behavior [ 51 ] and the serotonergic system in hippocampus regulates anxiety-like behavior [ 52 ]. Considering that prenatal stress is one of the most common factors in inducing anxiety-like behavior in offspring in modern societies [ 53 – 55 ] and on the other hand due to the confinement of modern living environment with ELF-EMF and the anxiogenic effect of ELF-EMF [ 25 , 26 , 56 , 57 ] and also considering the key role of the hippocampus in anxiety-like behavior [ 31 ], we hypothesized that if these two factors may have synergic effect of inducing anxiety-like behavior via metabolic changes in hippocampus or the interaction of these two factors can reduce their ability to create anxiety-like behavior. For the first time, to our knowledge, our study simultaneously investigated anxiety-like behavior, neurostroids formation and metabolism, cryptochrome2 expression as a marker of circadian rhythm, glutamate receptor activation, and serotonin production in the hippocampus of female rat offspring which were prenatally stressed and/or exposed to EMF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal stress induced anxiety-like behavior exacerbated by electromagnetic fields radiation in female rats offspring

et al. 2022

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There is a disagreement on whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have a beneficial or harmful effect on anxiety-like behavior. Prenatal stress induces frequent disturbances in offspring physiology such as anxiety-like behavior extending to adulthood. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of prenatal stress and ELF-EMF exposure before and during pregnancy on anxiety-like behavior and some anxiety-related pathways in the hippocampus of female rat offspring. A total of 24 female rats 40 days of age were distributed into four groups of 6 rats each: control, Stress (rats whose mothers underwent chronic stress), EMF (rats whose mothers were exposed to electromagnetic fields) and EMF/S (rats whose mothers were simultaneously exposed to chronic stress and ELF-EMF). The rats were given elevated plus-maze and open field tests and then their brains were dissected and their hippocampus were subjected to analysis. ELISA was used to measure 24(S)-hydroxy cholesterol, corticosterone, and serotonin levels. Cryptochrome2, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 3B-Hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2(NMDAr2) and phosphorylated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2(PNMDAr2) were assayed by immunoblotting. Anxiety-like behavior increased in all treatment groups at the same time EMF increased anxiety induced by maternal stress in the EMF/S group. The stress group showed decreased serotonin and increased corticosterone levels. ELF-EMF elevated the PNMDAr2/NMDAr2 ratio and 24(S)-hydroxy cholesterol compared to the control group but did not change corticosterone. EMF did not restore changes induced by stress in behavioral and molecular tests. The results of the current study, clarified that ELF-EMF can induce anxiety-like behavior which may be attributed to an increase in the PNMDAr2/NMDAr2 ratio and 24(S)-OHC in the hippocampus, and prenatal stress may contribute to anxiety via a decrease in serotonin and an increase in corticosterone in the hippocampus. We also found that anxiety-like behavior induced by maternal stress exposure, is exacerbated by electromagnetic fields radiation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal stress induced anxiety-like behavior exacerbated by electromagnetic fields radiation in female rats offspring

et al. 2022

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“…Different parameters may lead to opposite conclusions. It has been demonstrated that long-term exposure to very low frequency electromagnetic fields has pro-anxiety and oxidative stress-inducing effects in rats (20) and found a similar phenomenon. In contrast, Qubty et al (21) found no difference in anxiety-like behavior in EPM experiment of mice exposed to radiofrequency EMR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Different parameters may lead to opposite conclusions. It has been demonstrated that long-term exposure to very low frequency electromagnetic fields has pro-anxiety and oxidative stress-inducing effects in rats ( 20 ). Zhang et al ( 2 ) studied the behavioral effects of 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields on mice and found a similar phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and metabolomic studies on the protective effect of molecular hydrogen against nuclear electromagnetic pulse-induced brain damage

Ma¹,

Tian²,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundExcessive doses of electromagnetic radiation pose a negative impact on the central nervous system and lead to mental disorders. Molecular hydrogen can scavenge intracellular hydroxyl radicals, acting as an antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory agent. We seek to assess the capability of molecular hydrogen to ameliorate brain damage induced by electromagnetic radiation.MethodsNEMP (nuclear electromagnetic pulse), a subset of electromagnetic pulse with high voltage value that could cause severe brain injury, was applied to this study. Male wild-type rats were divided into four groups: the control group, the H2 (Molecular hydrogen) group, the NEMP group and the NEMP+H2 group. Rats in the H2 group and the NEMP+H2 group were fed with saturated hydrogen-rich water from 3 days before NEMP exposure (electromagnetic field intensity 400 kV/m, rising edge 20 ns and pulse width 200 ns) to the day of sacrifice. One day after exposure, animal behavior experiments were performed, and samples for transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis were collected. Seven days after exposure, histopathological experiments were conducted.ResultsThe data from the elevated plus maze and the open field test showed that NEMP exposure elicited anxiety-like behavior in rats, which could be alleviated by H2 treatment. Histopathological results manifested that NEMP exposure-induced injuries of the neurons in the hippocampus and amygdala could be attenuated by H2 treatment. Transcriptomic results revealed that NEMP exposure had a profound effect on microtubule structure in the brain. And the combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that H2 has a significant impact on the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, synaptic vesicle cycle and synapse etc. Moreover, it was indicated that the glutathione metabolic pathway played a vital role in the NEMP exposure-induced damage and the protective activity of H2.ConclusionsH2 is identified as a potent agent against NEMP exposure-induced brain damage and has the potential to be a promising electromagnetic radiation protectant.

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“…Faraji et al, 2021 [62] Fifty male adult rats were exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) to study the impact on memory, anxiety, antioxidant activity, beta-amyloid deposition, and microglia population.…”

Section: Reference Study Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Decline: Current Intervention Strategies and Integrative Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease

Branigan,

Dotta

2024

Brain Sciences

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a pressing global health challenge, with an anticipated surge in diagnoses over the next two decades. This progressive neurodegenerative disorder unfolds gradually, with observable symptoms emerging after two decades of imperceptible brain changes. While traditional therapeutic approaches, such as medication and cognitive therapy, remain standard in AD management, their limitations prompt exploration into novel integrative therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in AD research focus on entraining gamma waves through innovative methods, such as light flickering and electromagnetic fields (EMF) stimulation. Flickering light stimulation (FLS) at 40 Hz has demonstrated significant reductions in AD pathologies in both mice and humans, providing improved cognitive functioning. Additionally, recent experiments have demonstrated that APOE mutations in mouse models substantially reduce tau pathologies, with microglial modulation playing a crucial role. EMFs have also been demonstrated to modulate microglia. The exploration of EMFs as a therapeutic approach is gaining significance, as many recent studies have showcased their potential to influence microglial responses. Th article concludes by speculating on the future directions of AD research, emphasizing the importance of ongoing efforts in understanding the complexities of AD pathogenesis through a holistic approach and developing interventions that hold promise for improved patient outcomes.

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Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Maternal stress induced anxiety-like behavior exacerbated by electromagnetic fields radiation in female rats offspring

Maternal stress induced anxiety-like behavior exacerbated by electromagnetic fields radiation in female rats offspring

Transcriptomic and metabolomic studies on the protective effect of molecular hydrogen against nuclear electromagnetic pulse-induced brain damage

Cognitive Decline: Current Intervention Strategies and Integrative Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease

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