Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field pretreated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the regeneration of crush-injured rat mental nerve

Abstract

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) reportedly promotes the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of BMSCs. Low-frequency PEMF can induce the neuronal differentiation of BMSCs in the absence of nerve growth factors. This study was designed to investigate the effects of low-frequency PEMF pretreatment on the proliferation and function of BMSCs and the effects of low-frequency PEMF pre-treated BMSCs on the regeneration of injured peripheral nerve using in vitro and in vivo experiments. In in vitro experiments, quantitative DNA analysis was performed to determine the proliferation of BMSCs, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect S100 (Schwann cell marker), glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocyte marker), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor (neurotrophic factors) mRNA expression. In the in vivo experiments, rat models of crush-injured mental nerve established using clamp method were randomly injected with low-frequency PEMF pretreated BMSCs, unpretreated BMSCs or PBS at the injury site (1 × 106 cells). DiI-labeled BMSCs injected at the injury site were counted under the fluorescence microscope to determine cell survival. One or two weeks after cell injection, functional recovery of the injured nerve was assessed using the sensory test with von Frey filaments. Two weeks after cell injection, axonal regeneration was evaluated using histomorphometric analysis and retrograde labeling of trigeminal ganglion neurons. In vitro experiment results revealed that low-frequency PEMF pretreated BMSCs proliferated faster and had greater mRNA expression of growth factors than unpretreated BMSCs. In vivo experiment results revealed that compared with injection of unpretreated BMSCs, injection of low-frequency PEMF pretreated BMSCs led to higher myelinated axon count and axon density and more DiI-labeled neurons in the trigeminal ganglia, contributing to rapider functional recovery of injured mental nerve. These findings suggest that low-frequency PEMF pretreatment is a promising approach to enhance the efficacy of cell therapy for peripheral nerve injury repair.

Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restored High-Fat-Fed Induced Hyperinsulinemia in Rats at Early Stage of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…BM-MSCs were isolated following a previously described method 27 . Briefly, rats were sacrificed and their hind limbs were harvested, bone marrow was flushed out and collected in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplied with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco).…”

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: The light or the dark side of the force?

“…Additionally, the authors also noted improved locomotor function and upregulation in BDNF and NGF in the treatment group. Comparably, Seo et al have used BM-MSCs pretreated with low-frequency, pulsating electromagnetic fields (LF-PEMFs) to remedy a crush-injured rat mental nerve (Seo et al, 2018). The results demonstrated that injection of pre-treated BM-MSCs led to a higher count of myelinated axons, with higher overall axon density.…”

Investigation of Three Drugs With Neuroregenerative Effects on Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury in Rats

“…Oral and maxillofacial surgeries that are performed especially in the lower jaw including impacted third molar surgery, dental implant applications, cyst or tumor operations, orthognathic surgery, pre-prosthetic surgery, arthroscopic surgery, salivary gland surgery, operations in maxillofacial trauma, and injection injuries can damage the inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve or lingual nerve by crushing or compressing it (Cornwall and Radomisli 2000;Er et al 2016;KÜÇÜKKURT et al 2018). The total percentage of the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve injuries varies between 0.5% and 5% after the extraction of the lower third molar (Swanson 1991 As a result of these damages, complaints such as permanent anesthesia, dysesthesia, pain, paresthesia (burning, stinging, numbness or tingling sensation) related to the affected region can be observed (Seo et al 2018;KÜÇÜKKURT et al 2018). Generally, spontaneous recovery is observed in most of the patients within 6-8 weeks, but the sensory loss may persist for 6 months or longer, and permanent neuropathic disorders may occur in such cases (Smith and Lung; Pogrel and Kaban 1993; KÜÇÜKKURT et al 2018).…”