Low expression of angiotensinogen and dipeptidyl peptidase 1 in saliva of patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia

Abstract

AIMTo elucidate the profile of the salivary proteome.METHODSUnstimulated whole mouth saliva was collected from 30 volunteers [15 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) patients and 15 controls] and proteins were submitted for mass spectrometry-based proteomics using the discovery approach, followed by analyses of variance and logistic regression tests.RESULTSA total of two hundred and eighty-three proteins were confidently identified in saliva. By combining two low abundance proteins from the PVL group, angiotensinogen (AGT) and dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1), a model for group differentiation was built with a concordance index of 94.2%, identifying both proteins as potential etiologic biomarkers for PVL.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that both AGT and DPP1 may be involved in developmental mechanisms of PVL.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its tumor markers: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Fourteen studies included controls and compared their results with either normal oral mucosa, conventional oral leukoplakia, reactive lesions, or malignant tumors . Ten studies only analyzed biomarker expression (whether the biomarkers were present or not/strength of staining) .…”

“…Three studies correlated the biomarkers expression with progression and/or malignant transformation . Two studies included etiology and how the biomarker could aid in early detection of PVL …”

“…For example, IL‐6 and TGF‐alpha could be potential markers for PVL, because they were overexpressed in PVL lesions compared to normal mucosa, but there is only one study each on the topic . In addition, the salivary proteins AGT and DPP1 may be potential etiologic biomarkers for PVL, because they were found to be underexpressed in the saliva of PVL patients compared to healthy controls through salivary proteome examination and statistical analysis …”

“…One major challenge for systematic analysis was that the presence of overlapping series of patients was not easily discerned based on the information given in the studies. Three of the patient series were described from Brazil . Gouvêa et al could include partly overlapping series of patients.…”

“…Fourteen studies included controls and compared their results with either normal oral mucosa, conventional oral leukoplakia, reactive lesions, or malignant tumors. [14][15][16][18][19][20][22][23][24][27][28][29][30][31] Ten studies only analyzed biomarker expression (whether the biomarkers were present or not/strength of staining). 13,14,[18][19][20][21]23,26,30,31 Four studies analyzed how biomarker expression was association with clinical and/or histological data.…”