Low-density lipoprotein profile changes during the neonatal period

Fujita, Hidetoshi; Okada, Tomoo; Inami, Ikuhiro; Makimoto, Masami; Hosono, Shigeharu; Minato, Michiyoshi; Takahashi, Shigeru; Mugishima, Hideo; Yamamoto, Tatsuo

doi:10.1038/jp.2008.8

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…This finding is consistent with clinical reports (5,23). Interestingly, the hepatic gene array data demonstrate significant upregulation of mRNAs encoding enzymes in the mevalonate pathway, important in endogenous cholesterol synthesis, in piglets fed either cow's milk or soy formulas, relative to breast-feeding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Breast milk is high in cholesterol and long chain saturated fats, while formula contains no cholesterol and substantial amounts of short chain saturated fats. Higher total and LDL-cholesterol values have been reported in breast-fed compared with cow's milk-fed infants (5,23). Moreover, increased urinary and fecal bile acid excretion has been reported in 3 mo old infants fed formula compared with those who were breast fed (30,57).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Formula feeding alters hepatic gene expression signature, iron and cholesterol homeostasis in the neonatal pig

Ronis

Chen

Shankar

et al. 2011

Physiological Genomics

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In the U.S. formula feeding remains more popular than breast-feeding. In the current study, neonatal piglets were breast fed and compared with those fed commercially available milk-based formula (milk) or soy-based formula (soy) from postnatal day 2 (PND2) until death at PND21 (the usual age of weaning). Liver weights were greater in formula-fed piglets (P<0.05) than in breast-fed piglets (P<0.05). Affymetrix array analysis revealed significant differences in hepatic gene expression signatures between piglets fed breast milk or formula, as well as between piglets fed milk or soy. In males, expression of 346 hepatic genes differed between formula-fed and breast-fed piglets, and soy-fed differed from milk-fed piglets in 277 genes. Furthermore, gene expression profiles of males differed from females, even when the same diet was consumed. Serum cholesterol was lower in piglets fed formula relative to breast-fed piglets (P<0.05), and this was associated with elevations in mRNA encoding cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Consistent with the human literature, breast-fed piglets had lower hepatic iron accumulation than formula-fed piglets. Hepcidin, a major regulator of hepatic iron trafficking, was elevated in piglets fed formula relative to breast-fed piglets (P<0.05). Female piglets fed soy formula had increased expression of CYP3A enzymes (P<0.05), and soy formula feeding decreased expression of several hepatic genes considered estrogen inducible. These data suggest that: 1) gene expression profiles in neonates differ significantly depending on the diet consumed, 2) hepatic iron storage and cholesterol metabolism clearly differ between breast and formula feeding in piglets, 3) there is no evidence that soy is estrogenic in neonatal pig liver.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Formula feeding alters hepatic gene expression signature, iron and cholesterol homeostasis in the neonatal pig

Ronis

Chen

Shankar

et al. 2011

Physiological Genomics

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“…The cord lipid profiles are similar to those in Manchester children from the hyperglycaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes (HAPO) study [30] and to those in Ibadan about 30 years ago, but slightly lower than those reported in eastern Nigeria [17,31,32]. Cord HDL-C and TG levels are about half that of adults while TC and LDL-C are about one-third, hence HDL is the major lipid moiety [33,34]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Maternal malaria status and metabolic profiles in pregnancy and in cord blood: relationships with birth size in Nigerian infants

Ayoola

Whatmore

Balogun

et al. 2012

Malar J

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Background Malaria is more common in pregnant than in non-pregnant Nigerian women, and is associated with small birth size and the attendant short- and long-term health risks. The influence of malaria on maternal metabolic status in pregnancy and in cord blood and how this relates to birth size has not been studied. The study objective was to define relationships between maternal and cord serum metabolic markers, maternal malaria status and birth size. Methods During pregnancy, anthropometric measurements, blood film for malaria parasites and assays for lipids, glucose, insulin and TNF were obtained from 467 mothers and these analytes and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were obtained from cord blood of 187 babies. Results Overall prevalence of maternal malaria was 52%, associated with younger age, anaemia and smaller infant birth size. Mothers with malaria had significantly lower cholesterol (total, HDL and LDL) and higher TNF, but no difference in triglyceride. In contrast, there was no effect of maternal malaria on cord blood lipids, but the median (range) cord IGF-I was significantly lower in babies whose mothers had malaria: 60.4 (24,145)μg/L, versus no malaria: 76.5 (24, 150)μg/L, p = 0.03. On regression analysis, the key determinants of birth weight included maternal total cholesterol, malarial status and cord insulin and IGF-I. Conclusions Malaria in pregnancy was common and associated with reduced birth size, lower maternal lipids and higher TNF. In the setting of endemic malaria, maternal total cholesterol during pregnancy and cord blood insulin and IGF-I levels are potential biomarkers of foetal growth and birth size.

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“…The characteristic distribution of TG in term neonates, especially the relatively high LDL-TG concentration, may partly be explained by a reduction in hepatic lipase activity [4]. However, lipase activity, even including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), cannot fully explain the mechanism of TG distribution because TG concentrations were markedly low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In cord blood, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is rich in triglycerides (TG) compared with adult blood; and in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction, apolipoprotein E-rich large particles are dominant [2][3][4]. In term neonates, gestational age appears to markedly influence the LDL profile, but not the HDL profile, in cord blood [3,4]. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is a large, TG-rich particle synthesized in the liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%