ABSTRACT:In term neonates, the adiponectin concentration is higher than it is in adults. To determine the relationship between adiponectin and early neonatal growth in a cohort study. Fifty-two neonates at term were studied. Serum adiponectin concentrations, body sizes, and skinfold thicknesses were measured at birth and at 1 mo of age. At birth, cord blood adiponectin concentration correlated positively with birth weight (r ϭ 0.484, p ϭ 0.0003), birth length (r ϭ 0.524, p Ͻ 0.0001), and sum of the four skinfold thickness measurements (r ϭ 0.378, p ϭ 0.0057). In a stepwise regression, birth length was the only determinant of cord blood adiponectin concentration. However, at 1 mo of age, serum adiponectin concentration correlated with no anthropometric parameter at all. Between birth and 1 mo of age, the individual change in adiponectin concentration correlated negatively with birth weight. Thus, serum adiponectin concentrations in cord blood have a strong relationship to birth length rather than to body fatness, and this relationship is not demonstrated in 1-mo-old infants. These results imply that hormonal, substrate, or other mechanisms that regulate the relationship between body composition and growth in fetal life are different from those governing these relationships in early postnatal life. A diponectin is an adipocytokine produced exclusively by adipocytes and has potential antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, serum adiponectin concentration may be applied usefully as a biomarker of metabolic syndrome (1). Paradoxically, however, adiponectin concentration is inversely correlated with body fatness in adults (2) and in children (3), unlike the other adipocytokines, such as leptin, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ␣. Overall, the regulation of adiponectin concentrations and its functions are still not sufficiently understood, especially in growing infants.Adiponectin is also abundantly present in cord blood of term neonates, at concentrations two to three times higher than those reported in adults (2,4). Recent studies suggest that low adiponectin concentration in small neonates may be one of the mechanisms underlying the long-term consequences of an adverse fetal environment (5) and that small size at birth is associated with increased rates of the metabolic syndrome (6). However, adiponectin must have physiologic functions in the fetus and in neonates other than that of merely serving as a biomarker for the development of the metabolic syndrome. Little is known about the roles of adiponectin in the fetus. Recent studies in cord blood suggest that adiponectin, which is positively associated with birth weight, may play an important role in regulating fetal growth (7,8). Furthermore, adiponectin concentration in cord blood correlates positively with gestational age, increasing as the amount of adipose tissue also increases during the last trimester (8). This is in marked contrast to findings in adulthood where increased adiposity is associated with...
High hemoglobin level at birth is associated with a significantly reduced requirement for red blood cell transfusion and might contribute to stabilization of blood pressure, and thus reduce mortality and the risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage.
Exhaled CO(2) detection is a sensitive and accurate technique to confirm tracheal tube placement in very low birth weight infants during neonatal resuscitation.
Objective: To investigate natural change of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) profile during the neonatal period and the impact of gestational age and birth weight on those changes.Study Design: We measured lipid composition in LDL fraction, LDL particle size and apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentration at birth, 5 days of age and 1 month of age in 63 healthy neonates that had 37 to 41-week gestational age.Result: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoB concentrations increased from birth to 5 days of age, and the concentration persisted at 1 month in breast-fed and mixed-fed infants. However, in formula-fed infants, the concentration decreased at 1 month. At 5 days of age, neonates had larger and more triglyceride (TG)-rich LDL particles than at birth. At 1 month of age, LDL particles were smaller and more cholesterol rich than at 5 days of age. Single regression analyses showed that gestational age had influenced the LDL profile at birth and 5 days of age, while at 1 month milk determined the profile. Conclusion:The number of LDL particles increased rapidly during the first 5 days of life, and the composition of LDL particles is modulated by TG content throughout the neonatal period. Gestational age and milk, rather than birth weight, determine postnatal changes in LDL profile.
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