Low-cost CIGS solar cells by paste coating and selenization

Kaelin, M.; Rudmann, D.; Kurdesau, F.; Zogg, H.; Meyer, Toby; Tiwari, Ayodhya N.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.007

Cited by 189 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At this temperature it takes around 40 minutes to achieve 21 at.% Cu content in a 2 micron thick layer, as measured by EDX after annealing. The precursor layers were annealed in a two temperaturezone quartz tube furnace under flowing N 2 , similar furnaces with both open and closed designs have been reported by previous authors [10,11]. Se was supplied from a removable quartz crucible that was heated separately from the substrates to allow control of the Se supply during annealing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films prepared from chemically processed precursor layers

et al. 2009

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films prepared from chemically processed precursor layers

et al. 2009

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“…47 Similar variations in composition within the same crystal structure have been found, for example, in the quaternary photovoltaic absorber CIGS. 48 In optoelectronic materials and solar cells in particular, heterogeneous elemental distributions often lead to defective regions that are detrimental to performance, in part due to the consequence of local V OC fluctuations particularly in heterojunction or organic solar cells. 49 The effect of minor element incorporation and segregation to crystalline lattice defects such as grain boundaries depends strongly on the material system.…”

Section: Heterogeneity Within Single Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Heterogeneous Chlorine Incorporation in Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2016

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Spatial heterogeneities in the chemical makeup of thin film photovoltaic devices are pivotal in determining device efficiency. We report the in-plane spatial distribution and degree of chlorine incorporation in organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite absorbers by means of non-destructive synchrotron-based nanoprobe X-ray fluorescence. The presence of chlorine is positively identified in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films synthesized with Cl-containing precursors and as an impurity in some films synthesized with nominally Cl-free precursors. The impurity may be introduced from precursors or as contaminants during film synthesis. The films formed from Cl-containing precursors contain roughly an order of magnitude higher amount of chlorine, with Cl:I values greater than 0.02 found whether Cl is present in either the organic or the inorganic precursor for both one-and two-step fabrication processes. A spatial variation in the Cl incorporation is observed within single particles and as well as between particles within a given film, and the standard deviation of the Cl:I ratio across the films is up to 30% of the average value. Understanding and controlling the heterogeneous distribution of chlorine in hybrid perovskite layers may offer a path to improve their photovoltaic performance.

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“…1),24), 25) That is, the manufacture of CIS is performed under Se-rich conditions. Thus, points A and B correspond to the actual process conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect formation energetics at the grain boundary in CuInSe<sub>2</sub> using first-principles calculations

Yamaguchi

Mizoguchi

2014

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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We investigated defect formation energetics at the grain boundary (GB) in CuInSe 2 (CIS) using first-principles calculations. We focused on the (112) ) were investigated in the bulk and GB. We found that CIS shows characteristic atomic relaxation after vacancy formation, and V Cu 0 is the most energetically favorable defect in both the bulk and the GB. Furthermore, we found that (112)[1 10] ∑3 twin GB does not promote the formation of the Cu vacancy under all conditions, whereas it relatively promotes the formation of the Se vacancy under metal-rich conditions.

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Low-cost CIGS solar cells by paste coating and selenization

Cited by 189 publications

References 6 publications

Structural properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films prepared from chemically processed precursor layers

Structural properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films prepared from chemically processed precursor layers

Spatially Heterogeneous Chlorine Incorporation in Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Defect formation energetics at the grain boundary in CuInSe<sub>2</sub> using first-principles calculations

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