Loss and recovery of sodium-salt taste following bilateral chorda tympani nerve crush

Barry, Michael A.; Larson, Dana; Frank, Marion E.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(93)90013-6

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Moreover, taste buds, which degenerate upon interruption of the nerve supply, reappear when a transected lingual taste nerve regenerates and reinnervates its native receptor field (Barry and Frank, 1992). Notably, for the most part, taste functions that are disrupted upon nerve transection, are restored once the nerve successfully reinnervates its normal epithelial region (Barry et al, 1993; Cain et al, 1996; St John et al, 1995; King et al, 2000; Kopka et al, 2000; Kopka and Spector, 2001; Yasumatsu et al, 2003; Geran et al, 2004). For the chorda tympani nerve (CT), this recovery of function occurs despite the seemingly permanent anatomical alterations in the gustatory system following regeneration including: decreases in the number of anterior tongue taste buds and their volume (Shuler et al, 2004), decreases in the number of myelinated fibers in the regenerated CT coupled with decreased number of cell bodies in the geniculate ganglion (Cain et al, 1996), and reduced volume and density of the CT terminal projection field in the nucleus of the solitary tract (Barry, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rewiring the gustatory system: Specificity between nerve and taste bud field is critical for normal salt discrimination

2010

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Forty years have passed since it was demonstrated that a cross-regenerated gustatory nerve in the rat tongue adopts the stimulus-response properties of the taste receptor field it cross-reinnervates. Nevertheless, the functional consequences of channeling peripheral taste signals through inappropriate central circuits remain relatively unexplored. Here we tested whether histologically confirmed cross-regeneration of the chorda tympani nerve (CT) into the posterior tongue in the absence of the glossopharyngeal nerve (GL) (CT-PostTongue) or cross-regeneration of the GL into the anterior tongue in the absence of the CT (GL-AntTongue) would maintain presurgically trained performance in an operant NaCl vs. KCl taste discrimination task in rats. Before surgery all groups were averaging over 90% accuracy. Oral amiloride treatment dropped performance to virtually chance levels. During the first week after surgery, sham-operated rats, GL-transected rats, and rats with regenerated CTs displayed highly competent discrimination performance. In contrast, CTtransected rats were severely impaired (59% accuracy). Both the CT-PostTongue and the GLAntTongue groups were impaired to a similar degree as CT-transected rats. These initially impaired groups improved their performance over the weeks of postsurgical testing suggesting that the rats were capable of relearning the task with discriminable signals in the remaining taste nerves. This relearned performance was dependent on input from amiloride-sensitive receptors likely in the palate. Overall, these results suggest that normal competence in a salt discrimination task is dependent on the taste receptor field origin of the input as well as the specific nerve transmitting the signals to it associated circuits in the brain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rewiring the gustatory system: Specificity between nerve and taste bud field is critical for normal salt discrimination

2010

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“…If the nerve was stretched or crushed, but not sectioned, taste usually recovers. However, prognosis of taste recovery is poorer following complete section of the nerve (Barry and Frank, 1992;Barry et al, 1993;Robinson and Smith, 1996). Attempts to repair damaged or sectioned nerves have yielded mixed results.…”

Section: (3):267-291 (1998)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemosensory Function and Dysfunction

Spielman

1998

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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Taste and smell are fundamental sensory systems essential in nutrition and food selection, for the hedonic and sensory experience of food, for efficient metabolism, and, in general, for the maintenance of a good quality of life. The gustatory and olfactory systems demonstrate a diversity of transduction mechanisms, and during the last decade, considerable progress has been made toward our understanding of the basic mechanisms of taste and smell. Understanding normal chemosensory function helps clarify the molecular events that underlie taste and smell disorders. At least 2,000,000 Americans suffer from chemosensory disorders-a number that is likely to grow as the aging segment of the population increases. Smell disorders are more frequent than taste disturbances, due to the vulnerability and anatomical distinctiveness of the olfactory system, and because a decline in olfactory function is part of the normal aging process. Common gustatory and olfactory complaints are due to a number of medications, to upper respiratory infections, to nasal and paranasal sinus diseases, and to damage to peripheral nerves supplying taste and smell. Most chemosensory complaints have an identifiable cause. Although diagnosis of taste and smell disorders has improved considerably over the last two decades, treatment of these disorders is still limited to conditions with discernible and reversible causes. Future research is needed for a better understanding of chemosensory mechanisms, establishing improved diagnostic procedures, and disseminating knowledge on chemosensory disorders among practitioners and the general public.

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“…Hamsters that have successfully acquired a conditioned taste aversion to NaCl subsequently fail to avoid the salt solution after CT transection but can reacquire the aversion on regeneration of the nerve (3). In rats, CT transection produces an increase in NaCl detection threshold of Ͼ1 order of magnitude and impairs the ability to discriminate NaCl from KCl, with sensitivity and salt discriminability returning to presurgical levels once the CT has regenerated (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nerve regeneration-induced recovery of quinine avoidance after complete gustatory deafferentation of the tongue

Geran

Garcea

Spector

2004

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The concentration-dependent decrease in quinine licking by rats is substantially attenuated by combined bilateral transection of the chorda tympani (CT) and glossopharyngeal (GL) nerves, but transection of either nerve alone produces marginal impairments at most. Here we tested whether regeneration of one or both of these nerves after combined transection would result in recovery of taste avoidance. Water-restricted rats were presented with a series of brief-access (5 s) taste trials (water and 0.003-3.0 mM quinine-HCl) in a 5-day test block of 40-min sessions both before nerve transection and starting 75-77 days after transection. Licking avoidance returned to presurgical levels when both nerves were allowed to regenerate. When only the GL was allowed to regenerate, performance did not differ from that of sham-transected animals. This suggests that even after considerable gustatory deafferentation, regeneration has the capacity to restore normal taste-guided behavior. Surprisingly, when only the CT was allowed to regenerate, avoidance behavior was severely impaired and was not different from that of rats in which regeneration of both nerves was prevented. Taking into account prior findings, it appears that the absence of the GL in the presence of an intact CT is fundamentally different from the absence of the GL in the presence of a regenerated CT with respect to some taste functions. This represents the first reported instance to our knowledge in which the capacity of a regenerated nerve to maintain taste-guided behavior was distinctly different from that of an intact nerve in a rodent model.

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Loss and recovery of sodium-salt taste following bilateral chorda tympani nerve crush

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Rewiring the gustatory system: Specificity between nerve and taste bud field is critical for normal salt discrimination

Rewiring the gustatory system: Specificity between nerve and taste bud field is critical for normal salt discrimination

Chemosensory Function and Dysfunction

Nerve regeneration-induced recovery of quinine avoidance after complete gustatory deafferentation of the tongue

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