LoRaWAN Gateway Placement Model for Dynamic Internet of Things Scenarios

Matni, Nagib; Moraes, Jean; Oliveira, Helder; Rosário, Denis; Cerqueira, Eduardo

doi:10.3390/s20154336

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We considered studies regarding the Internet of Things, intelligent environments, optimization models, clustering methods, and signal propagation, among others, as relevant to the development of this work [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Some studies have analyzed area coverage using equipment for different communication technologies; however, our research considered an intelligent environment using IoT gateways for heterogeneous networks.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning and Optimization of Software-Defined and Virtualized IoT Gateway Deployment for Smart Campuses

Ferreira

Oliveira

Santos

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is based on objects or “things” that have the ability to communicate and transfer data. Due to the large number of connected objects and devices, there has been a rapid growth in the amount of data that are transferred over the Internet. To support this increase, the heterogeneity of devices and their geographical distributions, there is a need for IoT gateways that can cope with this demand. The SOFTWAY4IoT project, which was funded by the National Education and Research Network (RNP), has developed a software-defined and virtualized IoT gateway that supports multiple wireless communication technologies and fog/cloud environment integration. In this work, we propose a planning method that uses optimization models for the deployment of IoT gateways in smart campuses. The presented models aimed to quantify the minimum number of IoT gateways that is necessary to cover the desired area and their positions and to distribute IoT devices to the respective gateways. For this purpose, the communication technology range and the data link consumption were defined as the parameters for the optimization models. Three models are presented, which use LoRa, Wi-Fi, and BLE communication technologies. The gateway deployment problem was solved in two steps: first, the gateways were quantified using a linear programming model; second, the gateway positions and the distribution of IoT devices were calculated using the classical K-means clustering algorithm and the metaheuristic particle swarm optimization. Case studies and experiments were conducted at the Samambaia Campus of the Federal University of Goiás as an example. Finally, an analysis of the three models was performed, using metrics such as the silhouette coefficient. Non-parametric hypothesis tests were also applied to the performed experiments to verify that the proposed models did not produce results using the same population.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning and Optimization of Software-Defined and Virtualized IoT Gateway Deployment for Smart Campuses

Ferreira

Oliveira

Santos

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…Matni et al [119,120] Ousat and Ghaderi [121] examined the network planning problem in LoRaWAN regarding the gateway placement and the configuration of IoT sensors. The authors optimize the planning and deployment of LoRaWAN using mixedinteger non-linear optimization.…”

Section: Gateway Placementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, farms have hundreds of kilometers that require data collection with low CAPEX and OPEX. In this scenario, the deployment of LoRaWAN gateways leads to high CAPEX and OPEX, including the cost of a gateway, leasing, maintenance, and so on [120]. It is possible to consider multi-hop communications among the gateways, IoT devices, or both to increase the coverage area [124].…”

Section: Summary and Open Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Long-Range Wide-Area Network Technology Optimizations

et al. 2021

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Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) enables flexible long-range service communications with low power consumption which is suitable for many IoT applications. The densification of LoRaWAN, which is needed to meet a wide range of IoT networking requirements, poses further challenges. For instance, the deployment of gateways and IoT devices are widely deployed in urban areas, which leads to interference caused by concurrent transmissions on the same channel. In this context, it is crucial to understand aspects such as the coexistence of IoT devices and applications, resource allocation, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, network planning, and mobility support, that directly affect LoRaWAN's performance. We present a systematic review of state-of-the-art works for LoRaWAN optimization solutions for IoT networking operations. We focus on five aspects that directly affect the performance of LoRaWAN. These specific aspects are directly associated with the challenges of densification of LoRaWAN. Based on the literature analysis, we present a taxonomy covering five aspects related to LoRaWAN optimizations for efficient IoT networks. Finally, we identify key research challenges and open issues in LoRaWAN optimizations for IoT networking operations that must be further studied in the future.

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“…Authors in [ 13 ] also proposed a new gateway placement model to effectively place the multiple gateways into the LoRaWan network. This model, in contrast to [ 12 ], separates the IoT devices into groups based on similarities aiming to offer the best possible service.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firmware Update Using Multiple Gateways in LoRaWAN Networks

Charilaou

Lavdas

Khalifeh

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The remarkable evolution of the IoT raised the need for an efficient way to update the device’s firmware. Recently, a new process was released summarizing the steps for firmware updates over the air (FUOTA) on top of the LoRaWAN protocol. The FUOTA process needs to be completed quickly to reduce the systems’ interruption and, at the same time, to update the maximum number of devices with the lowest power consumption. However, as the literature showed, a single gateway cannot optimize the FUOTA procedure and offer the above mentioned goals since various trade-offs arise. In this paper, we conducted extensive experiments via simulation to investigate the impact of multiple gateways during the firmware update process. To achieve that, we extended the FUOTAsim simulation tool to support multiple gateways. The results revealed that several gateways could eliminate the trade-offs that appeared using a single gateway.

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LoRaWAN Gateway Placement Model for Dynamic Internet of Things Scenarios

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Planning and Optimization of Software-Defined and Virtualized IoT Gateway Deployment for Smart Campuses

Planning and Optimization of Software-Defined and Virtualized IoT Gateway Deployment for Smart Campuses

A Survey on Long-Range Wide-Area Network Technology Optimizations

Firmware Update Using Multiple Gateways in LoRaWAN Networks

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