No abstract

The advent of various wireless technologies has paved the way for the realization of new infrastructures and applications for smart cities. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are one of the most important among these technologies. WSNs are widely used in various applications in our daily lives. Due to their cost effectiveness and rapid deployment, WSNs can be used for securing smart cities by providing remote monitoring and sensing for many critical scenarios including hostile environments, battlefields, or areas subject to natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and floods or to large-scale accidents such as nuclear plants explosions or chemical plumes. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework where WSNs are adopted for remote sensing and monitoring in smart city applications. We propose using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to act as a data mule to offload the sensor nodes and transfer the monitoring data securely to the remote control center for further analysis and decision making. Furthermore, the paper provides insight about implementation challenges in the realization of the proposed framework. In addition, the paper provides an experimental evaluation of the proposed design in outdoor environments, in the presence of different types of obstacles, common to typical outdoor fields. The experimental evaluation revealed several inconsistencies between the performance metrics advertised in the hardware-specific data-sheets. In particular, we found mismatches between the advertised coverage distance and signal strength with our experimental measurements. Therefore, it is crucial that network designers and developers conduct field tests and device performance assessment before designing and implementing the WSN for application in a real field setting.

No abstract

No abstract

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) has witnessed significant attention from both industries and academia in research and development. This is due to the dynamic increasing of the high purpose wide range applications including scientific, commercial, military and environmental. Due to the peculiar characteristics and harsh environments of UWSNs, reliable efficient communication among sensor nodes towards the network coordinator or infrastructure is one of the major challenging tasks. Therefore, design and development of routing algorithms for effective communication among sensor nodes and base station is one of the vital research topics in UWSNs. In this context, this paper proposes a localization-free Shortest Path Reliable and Energy-Efficient Pressure-Based Routing (SPRE-PBR) protocol for UWSNs. SPRE-PBR considers three parameters including residual energy, pressure and link quality for selecting the next forwarding nodes. Moreover, SPRE-PBR is designed and developed to control path selection and reduce the unnecessary forwarding based on route cost calculation and optimal shortest path algorithm. The comprehensive performance evaluation attests the benefit of SPRE-PBR as compared with the state-of-the-art techniques considering underwater networking centric metrics.

No abstract

No abstract

Information security is considered one of the most important issues in various infrastructures related to the field of data communication where most of the modern studies focus on finding effective and low-weight secure approaches. Digital watermarking is a trend in security techniques that hides data by using data embedding and data extraction processes. Watermarking technology is integrated into different frames without adding an overheard as in the conventional encryption. Therefore, it is efficient to be used in data encryption for applications that run over limited resources such as the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, different digital watermarking algorithms and approaches are presented. Additionally, watermarking requirements and challenges are illustrated in detail. Moreover, the common architecture of the watermarking system is described. Furthermore, IoT technology and its challenges are highlighted. Finally, the paper provides the motivations, objectives and applications of the recent secure watermarking techniques in IoT and summarises them into one table. In addition, the paper highlights the potential to apply the modified watermark algorithms to secure IoT networks.