LoRa WAN for Wind Turbine Monitoring: Prototype and Practical Deployment

Mikhaylov, Konstantin; Moiz, Abdul; Pouttu, Ari; Rapun, Jose Manuel Martin; Gascon, Sergio Ayuso

doi:10.1109/icumt.2018.8631240

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This allows a single mMTC GW to cover the whole wind farm. The use of mMTC and, specifically, LoRaWAN for on-shore wind turbine sensor data collection has recently been conceptualized and demonstrated in-field in [14]. However, due to the typical absence of the conventional communication infrastructure, offshore wind farm monitoring (and monitoring in a remote area in general) introduces another challenge: the transfer of the already collected sensor data.…”

Section: A Wireless Monitoring In Wind Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling mMTC in Remote Areas: LoRaWAN and LEO Satellite Integration for Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring

Ullah

Mikhaylov

Alves

2022

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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The offshore wind farms are gaining momentum due to their promise to offer sustainable energy with low pollution and greenhouse gases emission. However, despite all the immense technological progress of recent years, the operation in a harsh and hard-to-reach environment remains challenging. According to the reports, each offshore wind turbine requires five maintenance visits a year on average, and the cumulative repair costs constitute around 30% of the turbine's life-cycle expenditure. Motivated by the advancement of massive machinetype connectivity (mMTC) and satellite technologies, in this study, we investigate the potential of these to enable remote monitoring of the offshore wind farms. Specifically, the two alternative architectures are considered. The indirect architecture relies on using a local mMTC gateway (GW) with a backbone over a reliable communication channel (e.g., satellite or wire-based). The direct approach implies the transmission of the data by sensors on the wind turbines directly to the mMTC GW on the lowearth orbit (LEO) satellite. The details of the system design, the alternative implementation strategies and relevant pros, cons and trade-offs are pin-pointed. Finally, we employ simulations using realistic deployment and traffic and advanced propagation and collision models to characterize these two approaches' feasibility and packet delivery probability numerically when implemented over LoRaWAN mMTC technology.

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Section: A Wireless Monitoring In Wind Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling mMTC in Remote Areas: LoRaWAN and LEO Satellite Integration for Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring

Ullah

Mikhaylov

Alves

2022

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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“…There are only a few works that highlight the potential threats of energy consumption attacks on the batterypowered LoRaWAN devices. Mikhaylov et al [3] considered the deployment of LoRaWAN nodes for the wind turbine monitoring in smart grid infrastructure. However, the work only provides a highlevel discussion on the suitability of the LoRaWAN network in energy infrastructure.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Energy Consumption Attacks on LoRaWAN-Enabled Devices in Industrial Context

Nafees

Saxena

Burnap

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

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Successful deployment of Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology in several Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) scenarios, such as Outage Management System (OMS) in smart metering, rely on low energy consumption of the end device. In this work, we conducted an experiment to demonstrate an on/off Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack to analyze the impact on the energy consumption of the LoRaWAN end device. We implemented the attack that manipulates the end device to remain in packet retransmission mode for several seconds. The conducted experiments show that the configurable parameters of LoRaWAN that are required for applications, like OMS, are susceptible to energy consumption attacks. In summary, our results show that when an on-off DoS attack is performed, the end device utilizing the Spreading Factor (SF) 12 consumes 92 times more energy due to packet retransmissions as compared to the end node using SF 7 under no attack.

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“…The simulation results showed the time delay and data loss between wind turbines and the remote monitoring station using NS-2 Simulator. Authors in [14] designed a CMS for a wind turbine based on a wireless low-power widearea network (LoRa-WAN) technology. The system consists of sensor devices, a gateway and a network server.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monitoring parameters include three phase-currents, three-phase voltages, power and power factor. Considering [10]- [14], these studies considered only a single wired/wireless solution inside the wind turbine or among wind turbines and the control center. However, the assumptions for the sensor data do not represent the complete monitoring data from wind turbine/WPF subsystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering previous research work, most research articles studied the communication networks for WPFs where researchers focused on describing the communication solutions used in real wind farm projects [5]- [9], while others studied the feasibility of a single wired/wireless solution inside wind turbine [10], [11] or among wind turbines and the control center [12]- [14]. However, there is limited research work and a knowledge gap related to the design of WPF communication networks, where the assumptions in available articles with few sensor nodes do not represent the complete monitoring data from WPF subsystems including turbines, meteorological towers and substations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless Network Architecture for Cyber Physical Wind Energy System

et al. 2020

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There is a growing interest to increase the grid integration of large-scale wind power farms (WPF). As most WPFs are located in remote areas where abundant wind resources are available, these sites are lacking communication infrastructures and network coverage which present major obstacles in enabling reliable data transmission between WPFs and their control centers. With the absence of unified communication network architecture, different vendors and manufacturers are developing their own monitoring and control solutions according to their needs. There is a knowledge gap related to the design of WPF communication networks, where the assumptions of available articles do not represent the complete monitoring data from WPF subsystems including wind turbines, meteorological towers and substations. This work aims to design a wireless network architecture for the grid integration of cyber physical wind energy system based on the IEC 61400-25 standard. The proposed architecture consists of four layers: a wind farm layer, a data acquisition layer, a communication network layer and an application layer. Wireless communication technologies outperform conventional wired-based solutions by offering lower costs, greater flexibility and easier deployment. Based on IEC 61400-25 standard, a wireless turbine area network is proposed for collecting sensing data from wind turbine parts, and connected to a wireless farm area network developed for communication between the remote control center and wind turbines. The network performance of the proposed wireless wind turbine internal network (includes the number of sensor nodes, data types and data size) is evaluated considering different wireless technologies (ZigBee, WiFi and WiMAX) in view of end-to-end delay, wireless channel capacity, and data loss. The simulation results show that wireless-based solutions can meet the delay requirements of the IEEE 1646 standard. This work contributes for building a redundant wireless communication infrastructure for remote monitoring of WPFs with scalable coverage and capacity.

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LoRa WAN for Wind Turbine Monitoring: Prototype and Practical Deployment

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Enabling mMTC in Remote Areas: LoRaWAN and LEO Satellite Integration for Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring

Enabling mMTC in Remote Areas: LoRaWAN and LEO Satellite Integration for Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring

Impact of Energy Consumption Attacks on LoRaWAN-Enabled Devices in Industrial Context

Wireless Network Architecture for Cyber Physical Wind Energy System

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