Longitudinal study of Escherichia coli plasmid resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in free-range broilers

Antibiotic Administration Routes and Oral Exposure to Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria as Key Drivers for Gut Microbiota Disruption and Resistome in Poultry

“…ESBL E. coli isolates were examined in the study because β-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, Amp, and cephalosporin) have been used in the poultry industry to treat or prevent infections by Gram-positive bacteria ( Commission of Chinese Veterinary Pharmacopoeia, 2010 ; Roth et al, 2019 ). ESBL/AmpC Enterobacteriaceae is now prevalent in poultry production systems even without antibiotic applications ( Baron et al, 2018 ; Daehre et al, 2018a ; Apostolakos et al, 2019 ). Among the different types of ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae found in poultry, E. coli harboring the bla CMY–2 gene was frequently detected ( Daehre et al, 2018b ; Apostolakos et al, 2019 ; Seo et al, 2019 ).…”

“…According to the FDA, majority of the antibiotics used in poultry production are administrated orally, mixed into feed or water ( U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2018 , 2019 ). AR bacteria are abundant across the poultry production chain worldwide, regardless of direct exposure status to antibiotics ( Baron et al, 2018 ; Daehre et al, 2018b ; Apostolakos et al, 2019 ). Moreover, birds and mammals have distinctive anatomy and physiology, and zoonotic pathogens have the ability to directly impact human health, including those originating in poultry ( Knudsen et al, 2018 ; Borges et al, 2019 ).…”

Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms: A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection

“…Several studies examining the detection and/or subtyping of AMR bacteria have yielded evidence of the physical transfer of AMR between premises and between generations. This has been documented for LA‐MRSA in pigs and cattle (Grøntvedt et al., ; Locatelli et al., ; Pletinckx et al., ), for cephalosporin‐resistant E. coli in broilers (with hatcheries appearing to act as source and/or conduit in many cases) (Baron et al., ; Dierikx et al., ), and for FQ‐resistant Campylobacter coli in broilers (Idris et al., ). An alternative (metagenomic) approach has yielded evidence of associations between the frequencies of certain AMR genes in feces, comparing breeding sows and their derived finishing herds on separate premises (Birkegård et al., ).…”

“…Another study examined E. coli and their extended‐spectrum cephalosporin resistance plasmids from serial sampling of French free‐range broiler flocks derived from two hatcheries (Baron et al., ). Cephalosporin‐resistant strains showed varied pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis subtypes, even from the same hatchery.…”

“…They readily select for resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in livestock, via genes of the extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) or AmpC type. These resistances, whether plasmid‐borne (ESBL, AmpC) or chromosomal (AmpC), have frequently been found in livestock and in derived foodstuffs (Liebana et al., ) and may often be found in association with other mobile resistances (Baron et al., ). There appears to be limited overlap between extended‐spectrum cephalosporinase E. coli recovered from animals (or derived foods) and the general human population (Börjesson et al., ; Day et al., ; Nguyen et al., ; Wu et al., ).…”