Longitudinal association of body mass index with lung function: The CARDIA Study

Thyagarajan, Bharat; Jacobs, David R.; Apostol, George; Smith, Lewis J.; Jensen, Robert L.; Crapo, Robert O.; Barr, R. Graham; Lewis, Cora E.; Williams, O. Dale

doi:10.1186/1465-9921-9-31

Cited by 138 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We found ,12% of our lung cancer cases had restrictive lung function comparable to other studies [21]. However, we did not find any difference in restrictive lung function between cases and controls, although differences in BMI may be, in part, obscuring any difference [18,20].…”

Section: Thoracic Oncology Rp Young Et Alsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…GOLD 1+) is commonly seen [18], and 2) best reflect older definitions of COPD (European Respiratory Society and ATS) [5]. The prevalence of restrictive lung function (FEV1/FVC .70% and FVC ,80%) was comparable in the cases and controls (,12%) but may in part reflect differences in body mass index (BMI) between the cases and controls [18,20]. No relationship with lung function (or COPD prevalence) was seen after subgrouping lung cancer cases according to staging although COPD prevalence was slightly higher in small cell and squamous cell lung cancers (table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent of age, sex and smoking history

Young¹,

Hopkins²,

Christmas³

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

575

493

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common comorbid disease in lung cancer, estimated to affect 40-70% of lung cancer patients, depending on diagnostic criteria. As smoking exposure is found in 85-90% of those diagnosed with either COPD or lung cancer, coexisting disease could merely reflect a shared smoking exposure. Potential confounding by age, sex and pack-yr smoking history, and/or by the possible effects of lung cancer on spirometry, may result in over-diagnosis of COPD prevalence.In the present study, the prevalence of COPD (pre-bronchodilator Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2+ criteria) in patients diagnosed with lung cancer was 50% compared with 8% in a randomly recruited community control group, matched for age, sex and pack-yr smoking exposure (n5602, odds ratio 11.6; p,0.0001).In a subgroup analysis of those with lung cancer and lung function measured prior to the diagnosis of lung cancer (n5127), we found a nonsignificant increase in COPD prevalence following diagnosis (56-61%; p50.45). After controlling for important variables, the prevalence of COPD in newly diagnosed lung cancer cases was six-fold greater than in matched smokers; this is much greater than previously reported.We conclude that COPD is both a common and important independent risk factor for lung cancer.KEYWORDS: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, epidemiology, lung cancer, risk, spirometry A s only 10-15% of chronic smokers get lung cancer [1], host susceptibility factors have been implicated. Age, smoking history, family history and impaired lung function have been identified as key risk factors [2]. The question that then arises is: does the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer come down to more than a shared smoking history?Cross-sectional studies show that the prevalence of COPD is 40-70% of those diagnosed with lung cancer [3,4], although prevalence is highly dependent on diagnostic criteria, age, sex and smoking exposure [5]. As none of these studies compared the prevalence of COPD in their lung cancer cohorts with a smoking cohort matched for these variables, the significance of this finding is uncertain. Moreover, none of these studies considered that lung cancer may itself cause an obstructive effect on spirometry. It is possible that potential confounding by age, sex and packyr smoking history on COPD prevalence, and/or the possible effects of lung cancer per se on spirometry, could result in over-diagnosis of COPD and a falsely increased association between COPD and lung cancer.

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Section: Thoracic Oncology Rp Young Et Alsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent of age, sex and smoking history

Young¹,

Hopkins²,

Christmas³

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

575

493

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The association between lung dysfunction and overweight has been demonstrated by the reduction of FVC and other lung volumes. The compliance decrease of the thoracic wall or its inactivity, besides the expiratory reserve volume reduction, related to the abdominal fat accumulation and above the rib cage plus the increase on the endurance of the respiratory tract are aspects that can explain the fact [17][18][19] . The FVC and MPT presented similar values on the three nutritional statuses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacidade vital forçada e tempos máximos de fonação em relação à circunferência abdominal e ao estado nutricional de crianças

2016

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Purpose: to evaluate and correlate forced vital capacity and maximum phonation time in relation to abdominal circumference and nutritional status of children. Methods: cross-sectional study of 82 children aged between eight and ten years, divided by the nutritional status (eutrophic, overweight and obese) and the percentile of abdominal circumference (≤ 25, 25 the 75, ≥ 75). There was forced vital capacity by spirometry and maximum phonation time the /e/, /a/ and /e/ voiceless (/ė/). Results: the forced vital capacity was higher in children with higher abdominal circumference (p = 0.003) and percentiles of abdominal circumference 25-75 had longer sustain the vowels (p <0.05). No statistically significant difference in forced vital capacity and TMF /e,a,ė/ in relation to nutritional status. There was strong correlation between /a/ maximum phonation time and maximum phonation time /e/ (0.84). Conclusion: the nutritional status of children did not influence the volume of expired air and measures of maximum phonation time, but it is perceived that a higher abdominal circumference, which is located fat, increases lung function. Keywords: Obesity; Breathing; Voice RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar e correlacionar capacidade vital forçada e tempos máximos de fonação em relação à circunferência abdominal e ao estado nutricional de crianças. Métodos: estudo transversal analítico com 82 crianças, entre oito e dez anos de idade, divididas pelo estado nutricional (eutrófica, sobrepeso e obesas) e pelo percentil da circunferência abdominal (≤25, 25 a 75 e ≥75). Verificou-se a capacidade vital forçada pela espirometria e os tempos máximos de fonação de /e/, /a/ e /e/ áfono (/ė/). Resultados: a capacidade vital forçada foi maior nas crianças com maior circunferência abdominal (p=0,003) e as com percentis da circunferência abdominal de 25 a 75 tiveram maiores tempos máximos de fonação /e,a,ė/ (p<0,05). Não foi encontrada diferença estatística significante das variáveis capacidade vital forçada e tempos máximos de fonação/e,a,ė/ em relação ao estado nutricional. Existiu correlação forte entre tempo máximo de fonação /a/ e tempo máximo de fonação /e/ (0,84). Conclusão: o estado nutricional das crianças não influenciou o volume de ar expirado e às medidas de tempos máximos de fonação, mas percebe-se que uma maior circunferência abdominal, que representa a gordura localizada, aumenta a função pulmonar.

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“…The CARDIA study [21] investigated the dependence of lung function on BMI, and found substantial lung function loss in people who were overweight as youngsters. They concluded that "the obesity epidemic threatens the lung heath of the general population".…”

Section: Comparing the Performance Of The Models In A Realistic Scenamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To study the impact of a small sample on each parameterisation under the data generated according to (21) and (22), and (23) and (24), we analysed 100 datasets each containing 200 observations, and a further 100 datasets containing 2,000 observations. Average F and adjusted R 2 values are given in Table 10, implying that the instrument is considered 'weak' when a 1 = 0.3.…”

Section: A Further Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

On the choice of parameterisation and priors for the Bayesian analyses of Mendelian randomisation studies

Jones

Thompson

Didelez

et al. 2012

Statistics in Medicine

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Mendelian randomisation is a form of instrumental variable analysis that estimates the causal effect of an intermediate phenotype or exposure on an outcome or disease in the presence of unobserved confounding, using a genetic variant as the instrument. A Bayesian approach allows current knowledge to be incorporated into the analysis in the form of informative prior distributions, and the unobserved confounder can be modelled explicitly. We consider Bayesian methods for Mendelian randomisation in the case where all relationships are linear, and there are no interactions.A 'full' model in which the unobserved confounder is included explicitly is not completely identifiable, although the causal parameter can be estimated. We compare inferences from this general but nonidentified model with a reduced parameter model that is identifiable. We show that, theoretically, additional information about the causal parameter can be obtained by using the non-identifiable full model, rather than the identifiable reduced model, but that this is advantageous only when realistically informative priors are used and when the instrument is weak or the sample size is small. Furthermore, we consider the impact of using 'vague' versus 'informative' priors.

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Longitudinal association of body mass index with lung function: The CARDIA Study

Abstract: Background: Lung function at the end of life depends on its peak and subsequent decline. Because obesity is epidemic in young adulthood, we quantified age-related changes in lung function relative to body mass index (BMI).

Cited by 138 publications

References 34 publications

COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent of age, sex and smoking history

COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent of age, sex and smoking history

Capacidade vital forçada e tempos máximos de fonação em relação à circunferência abdominal e ao estado nutricional de crianças

On the choice of parameterisation and priors for the Bayesian analyses of Mendelian randomisation studies

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