Longevity of the Adult Codling Moth,Cydia pomonella,and the Obliquebanded Leafroller,Choristoneura rosaceana,in Washington Apple Orchards

Abstract

The longevity of adult codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.) Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) held in shaded vials in the tree canopy was measured during the normal flight periods during 2004 and 2005. In both years all codling moths were dead by 130 degree-days (DD) (21 d) in the spring and 121 DD (8 d) in the summer. On a degree-day basis, data were similar across sex, generation, and year, and a common curve adequately predicted the survival distribution. For the obliquebanded leafroller, there were longevity differences between the sexes, but not between generations or years. Use of empirical quantile-quantile plots showed that the female obliquebanded leafroller lived an average of 32% longer than males. Maximum longevity observed in these studies for obliquebanded leafrollers was 117 DD (11 d) across both generations. The implications of these data for population biology studies and quarantine requirements are discussed.

Predicting the phenology of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, for sustainable pest management in Swiss apple orchards

“…The mean female lifespan of roughly 200 degree days established in this study lies within the range of outcomes reported in the literature (Geier, 1963a;Geier & Briese, 1978;Howell, 1981;Vickers, 1997;Jones & Wiman, 2008;Wenninger & Landolt, 2011). With a total of 160-240 eggs per female, the fecundity we observed is close to the 100-280 reported by Wenninger & Landolt (2011), but roughly twice as high as the values published in other studies (Geier, 1963a;Geier & Briese, 1978;Howell, 1981;Vickers, 1997;Mansour, 2007;Jones & Wiman, 2008;Aghdam et al, 2011). Based on Wiesmann's (1935) observation that newly emerged females usually contain 150-200 discernible oocytes, we assume that the rearing conditions in our experiments were close to optimal and females fully exploited the intrinsic potential.…”

Effect of Temperature on the Oviposition, Longevity and Mating of Codling Moth,Cydia pomonella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…Howell (1981) found that at a high constant temperature of 26.7°C laboratory reared moths lived significantly longer when provided with water (12.9 days) compared to no water (4.7 days). Jones & Wiman (2008) reported a mean longevity for females of 13.7 days when fed on honey-water and maintained at 22°C and ± 70 % RH. In the present study the moths were provided with water twice daily and the mean longevity of summer moths (11.7 days) was similar to the findings of Howell (1981).…”

Modeling the interaction of physiological time, seasonal weather patterns, and delayed mating on population dynamics of codling moth,Cydia pomonella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…On the other extreme, when males are unable to find females, only sterile eggs are laid and population growth is zero. In between the two extremes, increasing delays result in an increasing inhibition of population growth fueled in part by increased mortality (Jones and Wiman 2008) as well as increased delay-related sterility and decreased egg production unrelated to sterility (Jones et al 2008a). While complete suppression of mating has the greatest effect on population growth (only sterile eggs laid), our data show that once the delay exceeds &74 DD, there is no difference for all practical purposes to a complete lack of mating.…”

“…The second component of the population growth model required the daily mortality rate of newly emerged individuals that mated at different times after emergence. To determine adult codling moth mortality that occurred before mating, we used the equations of Jones and Wiman (2008) which quantify adult codling moth mortality in the field on a DD basis. To use those equations, we calculated the number of DD using a 10°C lower threshold and noupper threshold.…”