Longevity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia on the soil surface under field conditions

Abstract

The longevity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia was quantified in an experiment carried out in the field. Sclerotia naturally formed in soybean plants in an infested commercial field were collected in a grain-cleaning machine and those present in the stem pith, with c.a. 8 mm in length and 1.9 mm in diameter were selected. Fifty sclerotia were kept inside a white nylon mesh (0.25mm) screen bag (25 x 25cm). Eighty bags were laid on the soil surface-simulating no till farming. At monthly intervals, four bags were taken and brought to the laboratory. Sclerotia were washed with tap water and surface desinfested with sodium hypochlorite and exposed to germinate on sterilized moist river sand in a growth chamber at 15oC and 12h photoperiod. After 12 months, sclerotia kept on the soil surface, lost their viability. It may be concluded that under no till, crop rotation with nonsusceptible crops, can reduce the sclerotia bank in the soil.

Genetic and Proteomic Basis of Sclerotinia Stem Rot Resistance in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]

“…Changing climatic conditions and modern agricultural practices increase the risk of Sclerotinia rot epidemic development by allowing the pathogen to accumulate a high inocu-lum load [16]. The control of this pathogen through cultural and chemical control is often very tedious and not that effective because of its complex mode of infection and its longer survival ability (up to 10 years in soil without host availability) in the form of a resting structure called sclerotia [17]. In addition, fungicide application poses a serious threat to climate and adds further cost to crop cultivation.…”

Extra‐large G‐proteins influence plant response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by regulating glucosinolate metabolism in Brassica juncea

“…Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of sclerotinia stem rot in Brassica crops, causes extensive (40%–80%) yield losses worldwide (Sharma et al, 2018 ) and has proved hard to control, with host resistance being insufficient. The persistence of this fungus is due to its sclerotia, which remain viable under adverse conditions and can be retained in soil for many years (Brustolin et al, 2016 ). This aggressive fungus is known to hijack plant defence by modulating a wide range of signalling cascades, defence phytohormones, and stress‐associated metabolites (Liang & Rollins, 2018 ; Novakova et al, 2014 ).…”

Trichoderma Asperellum E Bacillus Subtilis Como Antagonistas No Crescimento De Fungos Fitopatogênicos in Vitro

“…Os escleródios são estruturas de resistência que podem se manter viáveis por até 12 anos no solo (Brustolin, Reis & Pedron, 2016). A redução da população de escleródios é essencial para o controle efetivo do mofo-branco, que além disso também deve bloquear a formação de apotécios e a ejeção de ascósporos e minimizar a produção de novos escleródios pelo controle preventivo da doença na parte aérea das plantas (Görgen et al, 2010).…”