Long term effects of spinal cord transection in Zebrafish: swimming performances, and metabolic properties of the neuromuscular system

Raamsdonk, W. van; Maslam, Suharti; Jong, D.H. de; Smit-Onel, M.J.; Velzing, Els H.

doi:10.1016/s0065-1281(98)80021-4

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, more caudal levels of the spinal cord are mostly not re-innervated. A previous study also reported re-growth of descending TH1 þ and 5-HT þ axons in spinal-lesioned zebrafish (van Raamsdonk et al, 1998). However, these limitations were not noticed, due to a lack of quantitative analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Plasticity of tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonergic systems in the regenerating spinal cord of adult zebrafish

Kuscha

Barreiro‐Iglesias

Becker

et al. 2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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Monoaminergic innervation of the spinal cord has important modulatory functions for locomotion. Here we performed a quantitative study to determine the plastic changes of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH1(+); mainly dopaminergic), and serotonergic (5-HT(+)) terminals and cells during successful spinal cord regeneration in adult zebrafish. TH1(+) innervation in the spinal cord is derived from the brain. After spinal cord transection, TH1(+) immunoreactivity is completely lost from the caudal spinal cord. Terminal varicosities increase in density rostral to the lesion site compared with unlesioned controls and are re-established in the caudal spinal cord at 6 weeks post lesion. Interestingly, axons mostly fail to re-innervate more caudal levels of the spinal cord even after prolonged survival times. However, densities of terminal varicosities correlate with recovery of swimming behavior, which is completely lost again after re-lesion of the spinal cord. Similar observations were made for terminals derived from descending 5-HT(+) axons from the brain. In addition, spinal 5-HT(+) neurons were newly generated after a lesion and transiently increased in number up to fivefold, which depended in part on hedgehog signaling. Overall, TH1(+) and 5-HT(+) innervation is massively altered in the successfully regenerated spinal cord of adult zebrafish. Despite these changes in TH and 5-HT systems, a remarkable recovery of swimming capability is achieved, suggesting significant plasticity of the adult spinal network during regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Previous work has presented evidence for regeneration of dopaminergic and serotonergic axons in the spinal cord of zebrafish (van Raamsdonk et al, 1998). Also, in the spinal cord of the sea lamprey, regeneration of serotonergic descending axons has been reported (Cornide-Petronio et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Plasticity of tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonergic systems in the regenerating spinal cord of adult zebrafish

Kuscha

Barreiro‐Iglesias

Becker

et al. 2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…10.1; see also Becker et al, 2004). In another study, the endurance of zebrafish was tested in a flow tank in which fish were forced to swim against a constant flow of water at a rate of 4.5 and 2 body lengths per second (van Raamsdonk et al, 1998b). Animals that were lesioned and allowed to recover showed significant improvements in the time they were able to keep swimming.…”

Section: Behavioral Recovery After Spinal Cord Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it has been speculated that the relatively quick fatigue of zebrafish in forced swimming tests in a flow tank may have been caused by insufficient intersegmental coordination (van Raamsdonk et al, 1998b). This could, in turn, be attributable to the lack of re-growth of descending axons of intraspinal neurons.…”

Section: Ascending Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish as a Model System for Successful Spinal Cord Regeneration

Becker

2006

Model Organisms in Spinal Cord Regeneration

101

114

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OverviewAdult zebrafish, in contrast to mammals, are capable of functional regeneration after spinal cord injury. Regeneration studies in zebrafish benefit from the model status of this vertebrate for research on developmental biology. This model status has helped to make available molecular tools such as genetic manipulation, expression profiling and gene knock-down techniques. Behavioral recovery after spinal injury is clearly quantifiable in zebrafish using different tests. The anatomical basis for behavioral recovery is supported by a surprising heterogeneity in axon regrowth and gene expression in different neuronal populations. In addition, specific gene regulation in non-axotomized spinal neurons indicates plasticity of the spinal circuitry after injury, which may also contribute to behavioral recovery. Gaps in our understanding of the spinal network are being filled by several studies of the more simple spinal network found in larval zebrafish. Gene knock-down, interference with intracellular messenger systems and promoter analysis in neurons after lesion are all possible in vivo, demonstrating the experimental accessibility of the system. At the same time, environmental inhibitors of axon re-growth appear not to be prominent in fish. Thus, environmental conditions may not confound the study of neuronal reactions to axotomy. Zebrafish, therefore, offer the opportunity to perform in-vivo studies of the mechanisms that lead to successful recovery after spinal cord injury, from the molecular to the systems levels.

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“…In the rat model of spinal cord lesion, primary cortical motor neurons and motor neurons in the spinal cord become apoptotic and are lost within 1 week after spinal cord injury (SCI) (Hains et al, 2003). Conversely, zebrafish can regenerate axons of motor neurons and recover motor function 6-8 weeks after SCI (Van Raamsdonk et al, 1998;Becker et al, 2004). Similar to mammals, motor function in zebrafish is controlled by motor neurons from two distinct populations, the brainstem and the spinal cord.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of anti-apoptotic factors in upper motor neurons after spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish

Ogai

Hisano

Mawatari

et al. 2012

Neurochemistry International

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Unlike mammals, fish motor function can recover within 6-8 weeks after spinal cord injury (SCI). The motor function of zebrafish is regulated by dual control; the upper motor neurons of the brainstem and motor neurons of the spinal cord. In this study, we aimed to investigate the framework behind the regeneration of upper motor neurons in adult zebrafish after SCI. In particular, we investigated the cell survival of

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Long term effects of spinal cord transection in Zebrafish: swimming performances, and metabolic properties of the neuromuscular system

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Plasticity of tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonergic systems in the regenerating spinal cord of adult zebrafish

Plasticity of tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonergic systems in the regenerating spinal cord of adult zebrafish

Zebrafish as a Model System for Successful Spinal Cord Regeneration

Upregulation of anti-apoptotic factors in upper motor neurons after spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish

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