Upregulation of anti-apoptotic factors in upper motor neurons after spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish

Ogai, Kazuhiro; Hisano, Suguru; Mawatari, Kazuhiro; Sugitani, Kayo; Koriyama, Yoshiki; Nakashima, Hiroshi; Kato, Satoru

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.08.015

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The supernatants were collected and the protein concentration was measured by means of the Bradford method (Bio-Rad, CA, USA). Western blotting was performed as described elsewhere [20]. In brief, 20 µg of total protein from each time point or treatment was subjected to (9% or 15%) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the separated proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Whatman, Maidstone, UK).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) during the Early Stage of Optic Nerve Regeneration in Zebrafish

et al. 2014

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Fish retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, whereas mammalian RGCs normally fail to do so. Interleukin 6 (IL-6)-type cytokines are involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and axon regrowth; thus, they may play a role in the regeneration of zebrafish RGCs after injury. In this study, we assessed the expression of IL-6-type cytokines and found that one of them, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is upregulated in zebrafish RGCs at 3 days post-injury (dpi). We then demonstrated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a downstream target of LIF, at 3–5 dpi. To determine the function of LIF, we performed a LIF knockdown experiment using LIF-specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (LIF MOs). LIF MOs, which were introduced into zebrafish RGCs via a severed optic nerve, reduced the expression of LIF and abrogated the activation of STAT3 in RGCs after injury. These results suggest that upregulated LIF drives Janus kinase (Jak)/STAT3 signaling in zebrafish RGCs after nerve injury. In addition, the LIF knockdown impaired axon sprouting in retinal explant culture in vitro; reduced the expression of a regeneration-associated molecule, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43); and delayed functional recovery after optic nerve injury in vivo. In this study, we comprehensively demonstrate the beneficial role of LIF in optic nerve regeneration and functional recovery in adult zebrafish.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) during the Early Stage of Optic Nerve Regeneration in Zebrafish

et al. 2014

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“…In contrast to such tragic events, adult zebrafish can regenerate motor neurons in the spinal cord and protect upper motor neurons in the brainstem against cell death via several regenerative mechanisms (Becker and Becker, 2007;Dias et al, 2012;Ogai et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Function of Sox2 in ependymal cells of lesioned spinal cords in adult zebrafish

Ogai

Nakatani

Hisano

et al. 2014

Neuroscience Research

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“…These axons derived mostly from existing brainstem neurons because a possible contribution of newly generated brainstem neurons is either small [9] or absent [6]. The largest relative growth was found between the second and fourth week post-injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This recovery is partial after a complete transection [1], [3]–[6] and nearly full after a crush of the spinal cord [7], demonstrating the restorative potential of the central nervous system in adult zebrafish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Temporal Profile of Endogenous Anatomical Repair and Functional Recovery following Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Zebrafish

et al. 2014

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Regenerated cerebrospinal axons are considered to be involved in the spontaneous recovery of swimming ability following a spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish. We employed behavioral analysis, neuronal tracing, and immunocytochemistry to determine the exact temporal relationship between swimming ability and regenerated cerebrospinal axon number in adult zebrafish with a complete spinal cord transection. Between two and eight weeks post-lesion, swimming gradually improved to 44% of sham-injured zebrafish. Neurons within the reticular formation, magnocellular octaval nucleus, and nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle grew their axon across and at least four millimeters beyond the lesion. The largest increases in swimming ability and number of regenerated cerebrospinal axons were observed between two and four weeks post-lesion. Regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between swimming ability and the number of regenerated axons. Our results indicate the involvement of cerebrospinal axons in swimming recovery after spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish.

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Upregulation of anti-apoptotic factors in upper motor neurons after spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Upregulation of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) during the Early Stage of Optic Nerve Regeneration in Zebrafish

Upregulation of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) during the Early Stage of Optic Nerve Regeneration in Zebrafish

Function of Sox2 in ependymal cells of lesioned spinal cords in adult zebrafish

Temporal Profile of Endogenous Anatomical Repair and Functional Recovery following Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Zebrafish

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