Long-term effects of pre and post-ischemic exercise following global cerebral ischemia on astrocyte and microglia functions in hippocampus from Wistar rats

Lovatel, Gisele Agustini; Bertoldi, Karine; Elsnerb, Viviane Rostirola; Piazza, Francele Valente; Basso, Carla; Moysés, Felipe dos Santos; Worm, Paulo Valdeci; Netto, Carlos Alexandre; Marcuzzo, Simone; Siqueira, Ionara Rodrigues

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.068

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Previous studies in rats have shown that running exercise can reduce microgliosis if the rats are exercised after ischemic induction (Lovatel et al., 2014). However, no microglial effect of exercise prior to ischemic induction was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines decrease, and the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines increase following physical exercise (Mota et al, 2012, Piao et al, 2013). Indeed, treadmill running in animals has been shown to reduce the microgliosis and inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as reducing lesion size and cell death in the hippocampus and prevent short-term memory disturbances following cerebral ischemia (Austin et al, 2014, Lovatel et al, 2014, Sim et al, 2004, Sim et al, 2005). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forced treadmill exercise can induce stress and increase neuronal damage in a mouse model of global cerebral ischemia

Svensson

Rosvall

Boza-Serrano

et al. 2016

Neurobiology of Stress

112

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Physical exercise is known to be a beneficial factor by increasing the cellular stress tolerance. In ischemic stroke, physical exercise is suggested to both limit the brain injury and facilitate behavioral recovery. In this study we investigated the effect of physical exercise on brain damage following global cerebral ischemia in mice. We aimed to study the effects of 4.5 weeks of forced treadmill running prior to ischemia on neuronal damage, neuroinflammation and its effect on general stress by measuring corticosterone in feces. We subjected C57bl/6 mice (n = 63) to either treadmill running or a sedentary program prior to induction of global ischemia. Anxious, depressive, and cognitive behaviors were analyzed. Stress levels were analyzed using a corticosterone ELISA. Inflammatory and neurological outcomes were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, multiplex electrochemoluminescence ELISA and Western blot. To our surprise, we found that forced treadmill running induced a stress response, with increased anxiety in the Open Field test and increased levels of corticosterone. In accordance, mice subjected to forced exercise prior to ischemia developed larger neuronal damage in the hippocampus and showed higher cytokine levels in the brain and blood compared to non-exercised mice. The extent of neuronal damage correlated with increased corticosterone levels. To compare forced treadmill with voluntary wheel running, we used a different set of mice that exercised freely on running wheels. These mice did not show any anxiety or increased corticosterone levels. Altogether, our results indicate that exercise pre-conditioning may not be beneficial if the animals are forced to run as it can induce a detrimental stress response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced treadmill exercise can induce stress and increase neuronal damage in a mouse model of global cerebral ischemia

Svensson

Rosvall

Boza-Serrano

et al. 2016

Neurobiology of Stress

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This status seems to be responsible for a chronic pro inflammatory profile, named inflammaging [18], recently described an interaction between the imbalance on immune system and cognitive deficits in humans. Furthermore, experimental data also reported that the aging-related memory decline is linked to histone H4 hypoacetylation levels and the modulation of inflammatory parameters [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is essential to elucidate the mechanisms involved during the aging process and investigate new approaches that can improve brain function. Recent evidences pointed out that both normal aging process and the physiopathology of neurodegenerative disease incidence and progression are linked to epigenetic pathways imbalance [4][5][6]. Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression patterns without affecting the primary deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence in response to external factors and environmental cues such as diet and exercise [4,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic purple grape juice consumption induces age-dependent changes on cognitive function in elderly women

Costa¹,

Dorneles²,

Silva³

et al. 2017

J Syst Integr Neurosci

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Objective: To verify the chronic consumption of grape juice effects on weight, body mass index (BMI), cognitive function and the peripheral levels of global histone H4 acetylation, BDNF and inflammatory markers in elderly women according to age. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. The blood samples were collected before and after 30 days of grape juice supplementation (400 ml/daily) in women aged > 70 and < 70 years old. Weight, BMI and cognitive function, were measured before and after supplementation. Results: Grape juice consumption promoted a reduction on weight and BMI. This consumption also contributed to improve a cognitive function. These effects were more pronounced in the >70 years group. A tendency towards increased BDNF levels was observed in the >70 years group after intervention. Inflammatory markers and global histone H4 levels did not change. Conclusion: The chronic grape juice consumption is an interesting choice to promote health benefits in elderly women, which seem to act in an age-dependent manner.

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“…Lovatel and coworkers investigated effects of pre-and post-ischemic exercise on hippocampal glial cells following global cerebral ischemia in Wistar rats. They reported that the postischemic exercise modified astrocyte and microglia immunostaining in the hippocampus and partially reversed the ischemia-induced increase on the area occupied by microglia (42). The precise mechanisms through which physical exercise can exert neuroprotective effects are not understood (38).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Effects of Post-ischemic Forced Treadmill Training on Sensorimotor and Learning Outcomes Following Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia

et al. 2019

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Background and objectives: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term acquired disability. It is of great importance to seek ways for improving motor, sensory, and cognitive function after stroke and brain injury. In this regard, therapeutic exercise is the most commonly used method of rehabilitation that can significantly reduce the severity of functional damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of eight weeks of forced treadmill training on cognitive and motor functions in ischemic rats.Methods: Fourteen adult male Wistar rats were divided into an exercise group and a control group (no exercise). Occlusion of both common carotid arteries was made to induce cerebral ischemia. Twenty-four hours after the induction of ischemia, the subjects in the exercise group were subjected to treadmill running, five days a week for eight weeks. The skilled ladder rung walking task was used to evaluate motor function before and after the stroke.Results: The number of errors was decreasing in both groups, but significant differences were observed in the motor function between the two groups in the third, fifth, and eighth week.Conclusion: Our results suggest that post-ischemic exercise might modulate ischemia-induced hippocampal injury and ameliorate the subsequent memory and motor impairment.

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Long-term effects of pre and post-ischemic exercise following global cerebral ischemia on astrocyte and microglia functions in hippocampus from Wistar rats

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Forced treadmill exercise can induce stress and increase neuronal damage in a mouse model of global cerebral ischemia

Forced treadmill exercise can induce stress and increase neuronal damage in a mouse model of global cerebral ischemia

Chronic purple grape juice consumption induces age-dependent changes on cognitive function in elderly women

Positive Effects of Post-ischemic Forced Treadmill Training on Sensorimotor and Learning Outcomes Following Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia

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