Long‐term effects of lime and gypsum additions on no‐till corn and soybean yield and soil chemical properties in southern Brazil

Abstract

A long-term experiment on a clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Hapludox where dolomitic lime was applied to the surface (either at 4.5 t ⁄ ha or at 1.5 t ⁄ ha per yr for 3 yr), or incorporated into the topsoil (4.5 t ⁄ ha), and gypsum applied to the surface (3, 6, and 9 t ⁄ ha), was carried out to evaluate their effects on soil profile chemical properties and yields of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Lime applied to the soil surface at either full or split rates, or incorporated and surfaceapplied gypsum had long-lasting effects on soil acidity or calcium and sulphur availability respectively, as measured 8 yr after application. Grain yields of corn and soybean were not influenced by liming. Gypsum at 9 t ⁄ ha significantly increased corn grain yields by 7 and 8% respectively 7-10 yr after application, but did not affect soybean grain yields. The differences in response of the corn and soybean crops to gypsum might be related to the Ca 2+ uptake by plants because of cation exchange properties of roots, being smaller for corn than for soybean. The use of gypsum in no-till systems becomes more viable when corn is grown with a greater frequency in crop rotation.

Do Rates and Splitting of Phosphogypsum Applications Influence the Soil and Annual Crops in a No-Tillage System?

“…Phosphogypsum consists of 17 % Ca, and given that the Ca 2+ concentrations were found to have increased in all soil layers, this demonstrates that PG is a Ca 2+ source that migrates downwards through the soil profile. An increase in Ca 2+ concentration throughout the soil profile was also observed by Caires et al (1999Caires et al ( , 2003Caires et al ( , 2011b, Soratto and Crusciol (2008) and Rampim et al (2011) during their studies, noting that PG is a complementary soil amendment tool to lime for increasing Ca 2+ concentrations in NT soils, especially in the subsurface, due to the higher PG solubility and vertical mobility in the soil profile compared with lime (Caires et al, 1998).…”

“…Leaf concentrations of macronutrients were within the sufficiency ranges for all treatments, except for 12 Mg ha -1 of PG in the case of N and for all rates in the case of S, where concentrations exceeded the sufficiency range for the crop (santos et al, 2009). No effect of PG application on soybean yield was reported by Caires et al (2003;2011b), Neis et al (2010) and Rampim et al (2011). The roots of this crop, compared with corn for example, have a higher root cation exchange capacity (Fernandes and Souza, 2006), leading to a higher efficiency in the accumulation of soil divalent cations, such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , in the rhizosphere, which favors absorption even under low concentrations of these cations in the soil.…”

“…Concomitantly, Mg 2+ and K + -the latter only rarely -are displaced from the soil exchange sites in top layers and then move along with water to the subsurface (Caires et al, 2011b to plant roots can occur (Toma et al, 1999), due to the formation of ionic pairs between Al 3+ and the sulfate (SO 4 2− ) or fluoride (F − ) contained in PG (Zambrosi et al, 2007).…”

Aplicação Superficial De Calcário Com Diferentes Teores De Magnésio E Granulometrias Em Sistema Plantio Direto

“…Em estudos realizados na Região Sul do Brasil, altas produtividades de grãos de milho e/ou soja foram observadas em solos ácidos sob plantio direto, com pouca ou nenhuma resposta dessas culturas à calagem na superfície (Costa e Rosolem, 2007;Caires et al, 2008Caires et al, , 2011Vieira et al, 2013). Neste trabalho, a precipitação pluvial ocorrida durante o período de desenvolvimento vegetativo das culturas de milho e soja no campo (novembro a janeiro) foi mais baixa do que a precipitação pluvial média histórica da região, principalmente em 2011/2012 (Figura 1).…”

Gypsum and Phosphorus in Improving Biometric and Nutritional Attributes of Soybean/Second Season Corn Succession

“…The experiment was performed in Jataí, GO, growing season 2014/2015, at the Universidade Federal de Goiás -Regional Jataí experimental area with coordinates corresponding to 17º55'32'' S and 51º42'32'' W, and altitude of 685 m. The soil of the area was classified as LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico (LVdf) by using the Brazilian soil classification system with a clayey texture (EMBRAPA, 2006). The predominant climate in the region corresponds to the Aw type based on the Köppen classification that is typical of the savannas with two well defined seasons, namely a dry and cold season (autumn and winter) and a hot and humid season(spring and summer).…”