Long-term effects of LCPUFA supplementation on childhood cognitive outcomes

Colombo, John; Carlson, Susan E.; Cheatham, Carol L.; Shaddy, D. Jill; Kerling, Elizabeth H.; Thodosoff, Jocelynn M.; Gustafson, Kathleen M.; Brez, Caitlin C.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.040766

Cited by 161 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Another Swedish cohort study [34] of moderately preterm infants found positive associations between both AA and DHA in infant blood and global developmental outcomes at 18 months of age, but negative associations with n-6 PUFA and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. The observed assocition between AA and language skills is in accordance with some previous studies of term infant showing negative associations between LC-PUFA intake or status and language development [26,46], but other studies found no effect [47,48]. The previous studies have primarily focused on the effect of supplementation with fish oil, DHA or DHA+AA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…BSID-III is a global developmental test, designed to contrast developmental delay and normal psychomotor development. It is considered the golden standard for developmental testing of infants and is widely used in studies of LC-PUFA influences on early childhood development, but some researchers have pointed out that it may not be ideal for detecting minor variations within normality [47,[50][51][52][53][54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast-Milk and Erythrocytes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Danish Late-Preterm Infants

Andersen¹

2015

J Preg Child Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast-Milk and Erythrocytes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Danish Late-Preterm Infants

Andersen¹

2015

J Preg Child Health

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“…Two studies investigated the impact of DHA and ARA addition to IF on intelligence quotient (IQ) scores using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Revised (WPPSI-R) at four (Birch et al, 2007) and six (Willatts et al, 2013) years of age and one study the WPSSI, third edition (Colombo et al, 2013), also at six years of age. The study by Birch et al (2007) also included a group who consumed formula with added DHA alone.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the essential composition of infant and follow-on formulae

Products¹

2014

EFSA Journal

264

124

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the essential composition of infant and follow-on formula. This opinion reviews the opinion provided by the Scientific Committee on Food in 2003 on the essential requirements of infant and follow-on formulae in light of more recent evidence and by considering the Panel's opinion of October 2013 on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. The minimum content of a nutrient in formula proposed in this opinion is derived from the intake levels the Panel had considered adequate for the majority of infants in the first six months of life in its previous opinion and an average amount of formula consumed during this period. From a nutritional point of view, the minimum contents of nutrients in infant and follow-on formula proposed by the Panel cover the nutritional needs of virtually all healthy infants born at term and there is no need to exceed these amounts in formulae, as nutrients which are not used or stored have to be excreted and this may put a burden on the infant's metabolism. Therefore, the Panel emphasises that maximum amounts should be interpreted not as target values but rather as upper limits of a range which should not be exceeded. There is scientific consensus that breast milk is the preferred food for all healthy infants and provides an adequate supply of all nutrients to support growth and development (with the exception of vitamin K during the first weeks of life and of vitamin D). Whereas the composition of infant formula remains stable over time, breast milk composition changes continuously and therefore infant formula cannot imitate breast milk. © EuropeanAll formulae intended for infants must be safe and suitable to meet the nutritional requirements and promote growth and development of infants born at term when used as a sole source of nutrition during the first months of life, and when used as the principal liquid element in a progressively diversified diet after the introduction of appropriate complementary feeding. Nutrients and substances should be added to formulae for infants only in amounts that serve a nutritional or other benefit. The addition in amounts higher than those serving a benefit or the inclusion of unnecessary substances in formulae may put a burden on the infant's metabolism and/or on other physiological functions, as substances which are not used or stored have to be excreted.The minimum content of a nutrient in formula proposed in this opinion is derived from the intake levels the Panel had considered adequate for the majority of infants in the first half of the first year of life in its previous opinion and an average amount of daily energy intake from formula during this period (500 kcal/day). These minimum amounts should be understood as target values which cover the nutritional needs of virtually all infants born at term for optimal growth and devel...

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“…Recent publications that assessed cognitive development between 18 months and 6 years of age showed benefits in children who received PUFA supplementation during infancy compared to those who did not. 35,36 Several publications recommend introducing ARA and DHA supplementation in pregnant women, nursing mothers, neonates, and infants. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should receive 200 mg/day of DHA.…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients and neurodevelopment: Lipids. Update

2016

Arch Argent Pediat

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Nutrients, lipids in particular, make up the central nervous system structure and play major functional roles: they stimulate development, migration, and nerve cell differentiation. They are part of gray matter, white matter, nerve nuclei, and synaptogenesis. Breast milk contains lipids which are crucial for infant brain development. The lipid profile of breast milk was used as a guideline for the development of breast milk substitutes. However, to date, no substitute has matched it. Complementary feeding should include docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, other polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and complex lipids found in milk fat. The lipid composition of breast milk depends on maternal intake and nutritional status during pregnancy and breast-feeding. It has a great impact on development. Our goal is to review scientific literature regarding the role of lipids on infant brain development and the importance of breast milk lipid composition, maternal diet, and complementary feeding.

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Long-term effects of LCPUFA supplementation on childhood cognitive outcomes

Cited by 161 publications

References 40 publications

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast-Milk and Erythrocytes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Danish Late-Preterm Infants

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast-Milk and Erythrocytes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Danish Late-Preterm Infants

Scientific Opinion on the essential composition of infant and follow-on formulae

Nutrients and neurodevelopment: Lipids. Update

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