Nutrients and neurodevelopment: Lipids. Update

doi:10.5546/aap.2016.eng.472

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Independent of gestation, PLs containing the LC-PUFA AA and DHA were especially prevalent in PE, which is in accordance with previous studies, that reported that DHA and EPA (an intermediate of DHA synthesis) were more abundant in PE than PC and SM [9]. DHA and AA are often found as FA moieties of PE and PC and contribute to myelination, as well as neurological and visual development of the neonate [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Quantification of Human Milk Phospholipids: the Effect of Gestational and Lactational Age on Phospholipid Composition

et al. 2019

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Human milk (HM) provides infants with macro- and micronutrients needed for growth and development. Milk phospholipids are important sources of bioactive components, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and choline, crucial for neural and visual development. Milk from mothers who have delivered prematurely (<37 weeks) might not meet the nutritional requirements for optimal development and growth. Using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, 31 phospholipid (PL) species were quantified for colostrum (<5 days postpartum), transitional (≥5 days and ≤2 weeks) and mature milk (>2 weeks and ≤15 weeks) samples from mothers who had delivered preterm (n = 57) and term infants (n = 22), respectively. Both gestational age and age postpartum affected the PL composition of HM. Significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) of phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM) and total PL were found in preterm milk throughout lactation, as well as significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.002) of several phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), PC and SM species. Multivariate analysis revealed that PLs containing LC-PUFA contributed highly to the differences in the PL composition of preterm and term colostrum. Differences related to gestation decreased as the milk matured. Thus, gestational age may impact the PL content of colostrum, however this effect of gestation might subside in mature milk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Quantification of Human Milk Phospholipids: the Effect of Gestational and Lactational Age on Phospholipid Composition

et al. 2019

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“…During this period, considered developmentally critical, lipids are essential to tissue construction and determination of body growth (Morgane et al, 1993; Herrera and Ortega-Senovilla, 2014). Lipids structurally compose the nervous system, stimulate its development and differentiation, and even regulate neuronal cell migration (González and Visentin, 2016; Prado et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal FAs involved in brain development are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): linoleic acid (C18: 2 ω-6) (LA), α-linolenic acid (C18: 3 ω-3) (ALA), arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4 ω-6), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, ω-3) (Makrides et al, 2011; González and Visentin, 2016). Since they are not endogenously synthesized, they are considered essential, and their aquisition occurs only through dietary intake of sources rich in endogenous precursors; ALA and LA (Sinclair, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Supplementation With Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Pulp and Oil Alters Reflex Maturation, Physical Development, and Offspring Memory in Rats

et al. 2019

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Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an oleaginous fruit source of fatty acids with high levels of neuroprotective phytocomplexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of reflex and somatic maturation, fatty acid profiles in the brain, and memory in different stages of life in the offspring of dams supplemented with avocado pulp and oil during gestation and lactation. The dams were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15 pups/group), and recieved by gavage supplementation: control group (CG)–distilled water; Avocado Oil (AO)−3,000 mg avocado oil/kg animal weight, and Avocado Pulp (AP)−3,000 mg avocado pulp/kg animal weight. We performed the following tests: Analysis of Somatic Development and Ontogeny of Postnatal Reflex (T0 to T21), the Open Field Habituation Test and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) in the adolescent (T45) and adult (T90) phases. The cerebral fatty acids content was evaluated at times T0, T21, T45, and T90. The results were analyzed using the statistical program GraphPad Prism and significant statistics were considered when p < 0.05. Acceleration of reflex maturation and reflex ontogeny was observed in the offspring of AO and AP fed dams, with the results being more pronounced in the pulp fed group (p < 0.05). All groups presented a decrease in the ambulation parameter in the second exposure to the Open Field Habituation Test, at T45 and T90 (p < 0.05). In the ORT, the AO and AP offspring presented memory improvements in the short and long term in the adult and adolescent phases (p < 0.05). The results of the brain fatty acid profiles presented higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in the AO and AP groups at T21, T45, and T90. The docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) content was higher at T21 (AO and AP), at T45 (AO and AP), and at T90 (AP) (p < 0.05). The arachidonic acid (ARA) content was higher at T45 (AO and AP), and at T90 (AO) (p < 0.05). Maternal supplementation with avocado oil and pulp anticipates reflex maturation and somatic postnatal development, and improves memory during the adolescent and adult phases.

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“…Lipids account for more than 50% of cerebral tissue’s dry weight and are the nutrients that have mostly been related to brain development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are two LCPUFAs that are involved in many functions of neural cells, such as neurogenesis, neuronal migration and synaptogenesis [ 114 , 115 ]. Their role is also crucial for physiological retinal development [ 116 ].…”

Section: The Importance Of Hbm For Very Preterm Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Breast Milk: The Key Role in the Maturation of Immune, Gastrointestinal and Central Nervous Systems: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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Premature birth is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population. Because their immune, gastrointestinal and nervous systems are not fully developed, preterm infants (<37 weeks of gestation) and especially very preterm infants (VPIs, <32 weeks of gestation) are more prone to infectious diseases, tissue damage and future neurodevelopmental impairment. The aim of this narrative review is to report the immaturity of VPI systems and examine the role of Human Breast Milk (HBM) in their development and protection against infectious diseases, inflammation and tissue damage. For this purpose, we searched and synthesized the data from the existing literature published in the English language. Studies revealed the significance of HBM and indicate HBM as the best dietary choice for VPIs.

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Nutrients and neurodevelopment: Lipids. Update

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Quantification of Human Milk Phospholipids: the Effect of Gestational and Lactational Age on Phospholipid Composition

Quantification of Human Milk Phospholipids: the Effect of Gestational and Lactational Age on Phospholipid Composition

Maternal Supplementation With Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Pulp and Oil Alters Reflex Maturation, Physical Development, and Offspring Memory in Rats

Human Breast Milk: The Key Role in the Maturation of Immune, Gastrointestinal and Central Nervous Systems: A Narrative Review

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