Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast-Milk and Erythrocytes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Danish Late-Preterm Infants

Andersen, Stine Brondum

doi:10.4172/2376-127x.1000160

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have reported lower levels of LC-PUFA in formula fed babies in comparison to breastfed infants [ 66 , 67 ]. In other studies, close associations have been observed between the breastmilk fatty acid composition infant plasma, RBCs [ 68 ], and tissue FA levels [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. In another study, a positive correlation was found between n-6/n-3 LC-PUFA ratio in breastmilk at 4 months of lactation and infant RBCs at 4 and 12 months of age [ 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Impact of Treatment with RUTF on Plasma Lipid Profiles of Severely Malnourished Pakistani Children

et al. 2020

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(1) Background: Little is known on impacts of ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) treatment on lipid metabolism in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). (2) Methods: We analyzed glycerophospholipid fatty acids (FA) and polar lipids in plasma of 41 Pakistani children with SAM before and after 3 months of RUTF treatment using gas chromatography and flow-injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate, multivariate tests and evaluated for the impact of age, sex, breastfeeding status, hemoglobin, and anthropometry. (3) Results: Essential fatty acid (EFA) depletion at baseline was corrected by RUTF treatment which increased EFA. In addition, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA)/linoleic acid increased reflecting greater EFA conversion to LC-PUFA, whereas Mead acid/AA decreased. Among phospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholines (lyso.PC) were most impacted by treatment; in particular, saturated lyso.PC decreased. Higher child age and breastfeeding were associated with great decrease in total saturated FA (ΣSFA) and lesser decrease in monounsaturated FA and total phosphatidylcholines (ΣPC). Conclusions: RUTF treatment improves EFA deficiency in SAM, appears to enhance EFA conversion to biologically active LC-PUFA, and reduces lipolysis reflected in decreased ΣSFA and saturated lyso.PC. Child age and breastfeeding modify treatment-induced changes in ΣSFA and ΣPC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Impact of Treatment with RUTF on Plasma Lipid Profiles of Severely Malnourished Pakistani Children

et al. 2020

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“…In the study, it was found that a concentration of n -3 LC PUFA, ALA and DHA in breastmilk during the first three months of life is associated with better motor development at the sixth month of life even after an adjustment for confounders. Previous observational studies reported no associations between breastmilk DHA and ALA concentrations and subsequent psychomotor development (Table 6) [54,55,56,57]. Studies from Spain and France showed that the total n -3 PUFA concentrations in colostrum may improve cognitive development, whereas n -6 LC PUFA may decrease it [21,55,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association between Breastmilk LC PUFA, Carotenoids and Psychomotor Development of Exclusively Breastfed Infants

Zielińska

Hamułka

Grabowicz-Chądrzyńska³

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The first months of infant life are crucial for proper neurodevelopment, which may be influenced by several factors, including nutrition and nutrients (e.g., long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) and carotenoids) of which the concentration in breastmilk is diet-dependent. This study analysed the relationship between the average concentrations of selected LC PUFA and carotenoids in breastmilk samples from the first and third months of lactation and the psychomotor development of exclusively breastfed infants at the sixth month of life. Infant psychomotor development was assessed using the Children Development Scale (DSR). The average age of infants during the assessment was 6.6 ± 0.2 months and 30.9 ± 3.8 years for mothers (n = 39 mother–infant pairs). The average concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was 0.50% of fatty acids. The average concentration of carotenoids was 33.3 nmol/L for β-carotene, 121 nmol/L for lycopene and 33.3 nmol/L for lutein + zeaxanthin. The total results of the Performance scale and Motor subscale were 39 centiles and 4.1 points, respectively. Adjusted multivariate regression models revealed associations between breastmilk DHA and motor development (β = 0.275; p ≤ 0.05), α-linolenic acid (ALA; β = 0.432; p ≤ 0.05), n-3 LC PUFA (β = 0.423; p ≤ 0.05) and β-carotene (β = 0.359; p ≤ 0.05). In addition, an association between the Perception subscale and DHA was observed (β = 0.316; p ≤ 0.05; model 2). There were no significant associations between the overall Performance scale scores. Due to the positive association between concentrations of n-3 LC PUFA (ALA and DHA) and β-carotene in breastmilk and infant motor development, it is important to provide these nutrients with breastmilk. According to the diet-dependent concentration of these compounds in breastmilk, breastfeeding mothers should have a diet abundant in dietary sources of these nutrients, e.g., fish, nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, vegetables and fruits.

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“…This study analyzed a complete lipid profile of fatty acids of red blood cell membrane in preterm neonates at birth and during the first month of life as compared with neonates at term. Other studies have evaluated erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in preterm infants, but the panel of fatty acids was limited to the overall composition of total SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs (n-6 and n-3) and some individual compounds (e.g., LA, ARA, DHA, n-6/n-3 PUFA or ARA/DHA ratios) [ 21 , 28 , 29 ]. In this respect, the main novelty of the study is the evaluation of the principal components of fatty acids families together with a panel of enzyme activity indexes and ratios in a group of preterm neonates followed over the first month of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythrocyte Membrane Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Lipid Profile in Preterm Infants at Birth and Over the First Month of Life: A Comparative Study with Infants at Term

et al. 2022

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An observational comparative study was designed to assess the fatty acids profile in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids of 30 preterm neonates (<32 weeks gestation) at birth and after 1 month of life versus a convenience sample of 10 infants born at term. The panel of fatty acids included the families and components of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as enzyme activity indexes and fatty acids ratios. At birth, the comparison of fatty acid families between preterm and term neonates showed a significantly higher content of SFAs and n-6 PUFAs, and a significantly lower content of MUFAs and n-3 PUFAs in the preterm group. After 30 days of life, significantly higher levels of n-6 PUFAs and significantly lower levels of n-3 PUFAs among preterm neonates persisted. At 30 days of birth, n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA and arachidonic acid (ARA) ARA/DHA remained significantly elevated, and DHA sufficiency index significantly decreased in the preterm group. The pattern of n-3 PUFA deficiency at birth and sustained for the first month of life would support the need of milk banking fortified with DHA and the use of DHA supplementation in breastfeeding mothers.

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Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast-Milk and Erythrocytes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Danish Late-Preterm Infants

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

Impact of Treatment with RUTF on Plasma Lipid Profiles of Severely Malnourished Pakistani Children

Impact of Treatment with RUTF on Plasma Lipid Profiles of Severely Malnourished Pakistani Children

Association between Breastmilk LC PUFA, Carotenoids and Psychomotor Development of Exclusively Breastfed Infants

Erythrocyte Membrane Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Lipid Profile in Preterm Infants at Birth and Over the First Month of Life: A Comparative Study with Infants at Term

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