Long-term corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel in alkali-activated slag mortar after exposure to marine environments

Shi, Jinjie; Wu, Miao; Ming, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109175

Cited by 54 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The first EC (Figure 11a) is a simplified Randles circuit (Figure 11a), describing the electrochemical reactions of metals presenting a passive state (with only one time constant), for example, on a stainless steel surface or on carbon steel in alkaline solutions [80][81][82]. In this EC, the Rs is the solution resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interface, Rct is the charge transfer resistance and CPE2 is the double-layer capacitance of the interface [83]. The time constant-phase element (CPE) was used instead of the ideal capacitance element, due to the rough and heterogeneous non-ideal surface of the electrode in aggressive environments [80].…”

Section: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (Eis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high-frequency time constant is connected with the defective external oxy-hydroxy Fe(III) layer formed at the interface steel-electrolyte, while the low-frequency time constant corresponds to the charge transfer process that occurred at the interface [72,73]. In this EC (Figure 11b), Rcp represents the resistance of defective passive films and CPE1 correspond to the passive film capacitance [83]. To obtain a better fit, capacitors may be replaced by constant phase elements (CPE), which have an exponential factor n, in the range from 0 to 1, where for an ideal capacitor n = 1 and n = 0 for an ideal resistor [57].…”

Section: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (Eis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain a better fit, capacitors may be replaced by constant phase elements (CPE), which have an exponential factor n, in the range from 0 to 1, where for an ideal capacitor n = 1 and n = 0 for an ideal resistor [57]. The calculated polarization resistance (Rp) of steel [65], which is the sum of Rcp and Rct (Equation ( 1)), may be used as an indicator of the stability of passive films [83]. The change of Rp values over time are presented in Table 8.…”

Section: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (Eis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Activity of Carbon Steel B450C and Low Chromium Ferritic Stainless Steel 430 in Chloride-Containing Cement Extract Solution

Véleva

Bonfil

Bacelis

et al. 2022

Metals

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The carbon steel B450C and low chromium SS 430 ferritic samples were exposed for 30 days to chloride-containing (5 g L−1 NaCL) cement extract solution. The initial pH ≈ 13.88 decreased to pH ≈ 9.6, associated mainly with the consumption of OH− ions and the formation of γ-FeOOH, α-FeOOH, Fe3O4 and Cr(OH)3, as suggested by XRD and XPS analysis, in the presence of CaCO3 and NaCl crystals. The deep corrosion damages on B450C were observed around particles of Cu and S as local cathodes, while the first pitting events on the SS 430 surface appeared after 30 days of exposure. The change in the activity of each type of steel was provided by the potentiodynamic polarization curves (PDP). Two equivalent electrical circuits (EC) were proposed for quantitative analysis of EIS (Nyquist and Bode diagrams). The calculated polarization resistance (Rp), as an indicator of the stability of passive films, indicated that SS 430 presented relatively constant values, being two-three orders of magnitude higher than those of the carbon steel B450C. The calculated thickness (d) of the SS 430 passive layers was ≈0.5 nm and, in contrast, that of the B450C passive layers tends to disappear after 30 days.

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Section: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (Eis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (Eis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (Eis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Corrosion Activity of Carbon Steel B450C and Low Chromium Ferritic Stainless Steel 430 in Chloride-Containing Cement Extract Solution

Véleva

Bonfil

Bacelis

et al. 2022

Metals

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“…However, the alkalinity of AAMs depends on the concentration of the activated solution that is used [54]. Once the alkali of pore solutions is consumed by the dissolved CO 2 , AAMs can no longer maintain a high alkaline environment that maintains steel passivation [57].…”

Section: Carbonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the hydrotalcite does not impair by carbonates, the presence of carbonates decreases its chloride binding capacity because carbonates occupy the middle layer of the LDH structure [79]. Shi et al [57] investigated the long-term corrosion resistance performance of AAS mortar and OPC mortar under a marine environment. They found macrocracks were induced due to drying shrinkage of AAS mortar after long-term atmospheric exposure under a marine environment, which would accelerate the corrosion process and yield lower corrosion resistance than OPC mortar.…”

Section: Combined Corrosion Process Of Carbonation and Chloride Ingressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Corrosion Mechanism of Reinforced Alkali-Activated Concrete Structures

Zhang

Yang

2021

CMD

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In this paper, the recent research progress on the corrosion of reinforced alkali-activated materials (AAMs) concrete structures is reviewed. The corrosion mechanisms induced by carbonation and chloride ingress in AAMs concrete are discussed, from the perspectives of composition, microstructure and pore solution chemistry, in comparison to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. The steel–alkali-activated concrete interface is a key to investigating corrosion initiation and propagation, which has different physical and chemical characteristics of the steel–concrete interface in OPC concrete. Moreover, the electrochemical process testing methods including half-cell potential and linear polarization resistance are critically discussed with a focus on what could be inherited from the OPC concrete and what criteria are no longer suitable for AAMs concrete due to underestimation in most cases. New data and theories are urgently needed for using AAMs in concrete structures to replace OPC. At the end of this paper, the research gaps and future research needs are summarised for the sake of widespread application of AAMs in concrete structures for sustainable and low-carbon construction.

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Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali‐activated materials

Mundra

Samson

Masi

et al. 2023

Materials & Corrosion

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Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are binders that can complement and partially substitute the current use of conventional cement. However, the present knowledge about how AAMs protect steel reinforcement in concrete elements is incomplete, and uncertainties exist regarding the application of electrochemical methods to investigate this issue. The present review by EFC WP11-Task Force 'Corrosion of steel in alkali-activated materials' demonstrates that important differences exist between AAMs and Portland cement, and between different classes of AAMs, which are mainly caused by differing pore solution compositions, and which affect the outcomes of electrochemical measurements. The high sulfide concentrations in blast furnace slag-based AAMs lead to distinct anodic polarisation curves, unusually low open circuit potentials, and low polarisation resistances, which might be incorrectly interpreted as indicating active corrosion of steel reinforcement. No systematic

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Long-term corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel in alkali-activated slag mortar after exposure to marine environments

Cited by 54 publications

References 68 publications

Corrosion Activity of Carbon Steel B450C and Low Chromium Ferritic Stainless Steel 430 in Chloride-Containing Cement Extract Solution

Corrosion Activity of Carbon Steel B450C and Low Chromium Ferritic Stainless Steel 430 in Chloride-Containing Cement Extract Solution

Research Progress in Corrosion Mechanism of Reinforced Alkali-Activated Concrete Structures

Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali‐activated materials

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