Long Noncoding RNAs and RNA‐Binding Proteins in Oxidative Stress, Cellular Senescence, and Age‐Related Diseases

Abstract

Cellular senescence is a complex biological process that leads to irreversible cell-cycle arrest. Various extrinsic and intrinsic insults are associated with the onset of cellular senescence and frequently accompany genomic or epigenomic alterations. Cellular senescence is believed to contribute to tumor suppression, immune response, and tissue repair as well as aging and age-related diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are >200 nucleotides long, poorly conserved, and transcribed in a manner similar to that of mRNAs. They are tightly regulated during various cellular and physiological processes. Although many lncRNAs and their functional roles are still undescribed, the importance of lncRNAs in a variety of biological processes is widely recognized. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have a pivotal role in posttranscriptional regulation as well as in mRNA transport, storage, turnover, and translation. RBPs interact with mRNAs, other RBPs, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) including lncRNAs, and they are involved in the regulation of a broad spectrum of cellular processes. Like other cell fate regulators, lncRNAs and RBPs, separately or cooperatively, are implicated in initiation and maintenance of cellular senescence, aging, and age-related diseases. Here, we review the current understanding of both lncRNAs and RBPs and their association with oxidative stress, senescence, and age-related diseases.

Identification of Novel LncRNA Biomarkers and Construction of LncRNA-Related Networks in Han Chinese Patients with Ischemic Stroke

“…Interestingly, the category named "cellular response to oxidative stress" supported that lncRNAs participate in the process of oxidative stress in cells [24], probably through regulating mRNAs such as SLC25A24, LRRK2, and SETX. Kim reviewed and indicated that lncRNAs play important roles in cellular responses to oxidative stress; for example, cytoplasmic lncRNA LINK-A interacts with LRRK2 and was able to enhance phosphorylation of HIF-1α at Ser797 in signal transduction under normoxic conditions [25]. In addition, the three lncRNAs-interacted mRNAs within the up-regulated CNC network could also enrich some other categories of importance, such as "MAPK cascade" and "protein phosphorylation".…”

Down‐regulation of GAS5 ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury via the miR‐335/ROCK1/AKT/GSK‐3β axis

“…Long non‐coding RNAs (LncRNAs), a kind of RNA molecule typically over 200 nt in length and lack of protein‐coding activity, are implicated in pathogenic and pathophysiological processes . Interestingly, emerging data from LncRNA array have showed that some LncRNAs are dysregulated in mice's myocardium during the process of I/R and suggested the potential regulatory roles of LncRNAs on myocardial I/R injury .…”

“…3 Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), a kind of RNA molecule typically over 200 nt in length and lack of protein-coding activity, are implicated in pathogenic and pathophysiological processes. 4,5 Interestingly, emerging data from LncRNA array have showed that some LncRNAs are dysregulated in mice's myocardium during the process of I/R and suggested the potential regulatory roles of LncRNAs on myocardial I/R injury. 6 Recently, growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5), an LncRNA originally found in growth-arrested cells, 7 is found to be up-regulated in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)treated cardiomyocytes and promoted I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis.…”

Profiling and characterization of microRNAs responding to sodium butyrate treatment in A549 cells

“…Except the microRNA, non‐coding RNA also includes a class of transcripts with the length more than 200 nucleotides unable to encode proteins called long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) . Through participating in the gene regulation, lncRNAs influence many cellular events, such as proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and genomic stability . Moreover, lncRNAs express in specific tissues or cell types and exist in several biological fluids such as urine and blood .…”