Location of collateral sprouting of donor nerve following end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy

Zhu, Qian; Jing, Zhu; Chen, Gary Y.

doi:10.1002/mus.21116

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The origin of the axons has been demonstrated with double label techniques from Ranvier’s nodes proximal to coaptation site [ 61 ], but the level has been questioned, with some authors believing the closest Ranvier nodes to be involved [ 62 ] and other papers [ 11 , 63 ] claiming for a role played by more proximal structures. Maybe these different opinions have been produced by different techniques and methods of investigation, as just noted [ 64 ]: the former study [ 62 ] had been conducted on an epineurial window model (see below c) and using electrophysiological registration, and the latter by simple suture (see below c) to the donor nerve and double retrograde labelling technique [ 11 ] or epineurial window ad suturing (see below c), microtearing and histomorphometric analysis [ 63 ]. A role of interneuronal signalling in dorsal root ganglia had been claimed [ 65 ] and the hypothesis of a Central Nervous System origin has been recently regained [ 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epineurial Window Is More Efficient in Attracting Axons than Simple Coaptation in a Sutureless (Cyanoacrylate-Bound) Model of End-to-Side Nerve Repair in the Rat Upper Limb: Functional and Morphometric Evidences and Review of the Literature

et al. 2016

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End-to-side nerve coaptation brings regenerating axons from the donor to the recipient nerve. Several techniques have been used to perform coaptation: microsurgical sutures with and without opening a window into the epi(peri)neurial connective tissue; among these, window techniques have been proven more effective in inducing axonal regeneration. The authors developed a sutureless model of end-to-side coaptation in the rat upper limb. In 19 adult Wistar rats, the median and the ulnar nerves of the left arm were approached from the axillary region, the median nerve transected and the proximal stump sutured to the pectoral muscle to prevent regeneration. Animals were then randomly divided in two experimental groups (7 animals each, 5 animals acting as control): Group 1: the distal stump of the transected median nerve was fixed to the ulnar nerve by applying cyanoacrylate solution; Group 2: a small epineurial window was opened into the epineurium of the ulnar nerve, caring to avoid damage to the nerve fibres; the distal stump of the transected median nerve was then fixed to the ulnar nerve by applying cyanoacrylate solution. The grasping test for functional evaluation was repeated every 10–11 weeks starting from week-15, up to the sacrifice (week 36). At week 36, the animals were sacrificed and the regenerated nerves harvested and processed for morphological investigations (high-resolution light microscopy as well as stereological and morphometrical analysis). This study shows that a) cyanoacrylate in end-to-side coaptation produces scarless axon regeneration without toxic effects; b) axonal regeneration and myelination occur even without opening an epineurial window, but c) the window is related to a larger number of regenerating fibres, especially myelinated and mature, and better functional outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epineurial Window Is More Efficient in Attracting Axons than Simple Coaptation in a Sutureless (Cyanoacrylate-Bound) Model of End-to-Side Nerve Repair in the Rat Upper Limb: Functional and Morphometric Evidences and Review of the Literature

et al. 2016

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“…Subsequently, numerous end-to-side nerve repair studies in other small animals (rats and rabbits) have been shown to support nerve regeneration to various degrees. The suggested mechanisms are either terminal sprouting from damaged donor axons injured during epineurotomy (Hayashi et al, 2008) or collateral sprouting from the donor nerve (Bontioti et al, 2005; Lundborg et al, 1994; Tham and Morrison, 1998; Tiangco et al 2001; Viterbo et al, 1992 and 1998; Zhang et al 2000; Zhu et al, 2008). There has been concern that, due to the relatively short distances from the nerve transection to neurorrhaphy sites in many of these studies, these mostly good results could be due to contamination of regenerating axons from the proximal stump of the severed nerve (Al-Qattan and Al-Thunayan 1998; McCallister et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-to-side nerve repair in a large animal model: how does it compare with conventional methods of nerve repair?

Kettle

Starritt

Glasby

et al. 2012

J Hand Surg Eur Vol

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A large animal (sheep) model was used to compare nerve axon regeneration and return of muscle function after a median-to-ulnar nerve end-to-side neurorrhaphy technique with conventional, clinically established, methods of nerve repair and untreated controls. Three groups of sheep were allocated to end-to-side repair (12 animals), a conventional method of nerve repair (18 animals), or a control group (eight animals). After a year nerve repairs were assessed electrophysiologically and histologically, and the muscles supplied by the repaired nerves were assessed physiologically. There were no significant differences in the outcomes of nerve repair between different conventional techniques. Half of the end-to-side nerve repairs supported nerve regeneration. The functional outcomes of the end-to-side repairs were inferior to conventional techniques which were, in turn, inferior to controls. End-to-side neurorrhaphy supported nerve regeneration, but the reliability of this technique is called into question and its use as a clinical tool can only be recommended as a salvage procedure.

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“…Completion of Wallerian degeneration and Schwann cell proliferation may lead to acceleration of motor end plate degeneration (19). From this perspective, most scholars think that neural repair shall occur as early as possible after nerve injury (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental research on end-to-side anastomosis of peripheral nerves and effect of FK506 on end-to-side anastomosis

Lm¹,

Yx²,

Xp³

et al. 2014

BLL

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Abstract:Objective: To study the effects of end-to-side anastomosis of initially-denatured nerves at different times. Method: 60 male Wistar albino rats were used to fabricate animal models for the experiment on end-to-side anastomosis of peripheral nerves and 50 female Wistar albino rats were used to fabricate animal models for the experiment on the effect of FK506 on end-to-side anastomosis. Bilateral common peroneal nerve, tibialis anterior muscle electrophysiological and histological examinations, tibialis anterior muscle wet muscle weight determination, and motor end plate examination were performed 3 months after operation.Results: All recovery rates of action potential, single muscle contraction force and tetanic contraction force of the FK506 experimental group are signifi cantly higher than those of the control group and the sectional area of muscle fi ber is also higher than that of the control group of normal saline. Conclusion:The best time for end-to-side anastomosis of nerves should be controlled within 2 weeks and the effect of end-to-side anastomosis of nerves will gradually become unsatisfactory. FK506 plays a role in promoting functional rehabilitation following nerve end-to-side anastomosis (Tab. 7, Fig. 4, Ref. 31). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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Location of collateral sprouting of donor nerve following end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Epineurial Window Is More Efficient in Attracting Axons than Simple Coaptation in a Sutureless (Cyanoacrylate-Bound) Model of End-to-Side Nerve Repair in the Rat Upper Limb: Functional and Morphometric Evidences and Review of the Literature

Epineurial Window Is More Efficient in Attracting Axons than Simple Coaptation in a Sutureless (Cyanoacrylate-Bound) Model of End-to-Side Nerve Repair in the Rat Upper Limb: Functional and Morphometric Evidences and Review of the Literature

End-to-side nerve repair in a large animal model: how does it compare with conventional methods of nerve repair?

Experimental research on end-to-side anastomosis of peripheral nerves and effect of FK506 on end-to-side anastomosis

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