Local risk factors in genital human papilloma Virus Infection in cervical smears

Abstract

Background:Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer, but the local risk factors have not been sufficiently assessed.Aim:The study is aimed at determining the prevalence and to evaluate the local risk factors of HPV infection in cervical smears at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu, Nigeria.Subjects and Methods:The participants involved 445 randomly selected sexually active women attending the antenatal, postnatal, gynecology and family planning clinics in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the university between April 2004 and May 2012. A questionnaire assessing various socio-demographic characteristics of the participants was administered. The pap smears of the participants were examined microscopically for evidence of HPV infection. The SPSS version 17.0 (Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used to compute and analyze the results. The results were presented in tables as simple percentages. Tests of significance using the Chi-square and fisher exact tests were applied where appropriate.Results:The prevalence rate of HPV was 10.3%. The peak age-specific prevalence of 11.7% occurred in the 15-19 years age group. There were significant associations between the occurrence of HPV and multiple sexual partners, coital frequency, multiparity, contraceptive use, marital status, low socio-economic status, abnormal vaginal discharge, irregular menstruation, post-coital and post-menopausal bleeding, (P < 0.05).Conclusion:All sexually active women including teenagers should be screened for cervical HPV infection in an organized systematic program equipped with a good call and recall system. There is, therefore, a need to move emphasis from the current practice of opportunistic screening to a systematic screening of the whole population at risk despite cost implications.

Sero-prevalence of HPV-16 IgG Antibodies and Its Association with Socio Demographic Features of Women in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

“…This result comparable to the report of [14] and much higher than the 4.0% and 1.2% reported in Ibadan and Enugu, Nigeria respectively [15,16]. The prevalence is slightly lower than 10.3% reported in Imo State, Nigeria [17]. The obtained prevalence is much lower than, 32% and 48% reported in, Tanzania and Brazil respectively [18,19].…”

Estimation of the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes and identification of related risk factors among Turkish women

“…If the number of sexual partners increases, the risk for high-risk HPV infection also increases. In a study investigating the prevalence of HPV in low-risk (general population) and high-risk women (sex workers) in Belgium, the prevalence of HPV was 14.3% and 34.4% respectively [ 16 ]. While it is not easy to question sexual life in our society, there was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of sexual partners and marriages.…”